-
midbrain
- cerebral aqueduct
- visual reflexes
- auditory reflexes
-
pons
- bridge
- respiratory rate & depth
-
medulla oblongata
vital reflex centers
-
cardiac center
- medula oblongata,
- rate and force of contraction
-
vasomotor center
- medulla oblongata
- blood pressure blood vessel diameter
-
medullary rhythmicity center
pons and lungs to regulate breathing
-
reticular formation
- brain system associated with the brain stem
- keep brain aroused
- filter out stimuli that repetetive
-
brain stem
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla oblongata
-
diencephalon
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- epithalamus
-
thalamus
gateway to cortex, numerous nuclei, relay station for incoming sensory information to the cortex for processing
-
hypothalamus
- many homeostatic roles
- autonomic control center
- emotional responses- gut feelins
- thermostat
- food intake
- water balance
- sleep wake cycles
- endocrine system
-
epithalamus
- pineal gland
- melatonin
- sleep wake cycles
-
lymbic system-
- associated with diencephalon structures
- emotional responses/emotional brain
- expressions/gestures
- odors
- danger/fear
-
cerebral hemispheres
- 83% brain mass,
- cortex-white matter-basal nuclei
-
cortex of cerebral hemisphere
- functional areas- motor, sensory, association
- controls opposite side of body
- overlap
-
primary motor cortex
certain regions control opposite sides of body
-
premotor cortex
learned motor skills- typing, musical instrument
-
broca's area
motor speech area
-
frontal eye field
scanning eye movements
-
primary somatosensory cortex
receive info from skin and muscles and joints
-
somatosensory association cortex
sensory input to understand objects being felt (size, texture)
-
primary visual cortex
receives input from retina, largest sensory area
-
visual association area
past visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli- recognition
-
primary auditory cortex
pitch volume location
-
auditory association area
perception as speech music noise, memories of sounds
-
oflactory cortex
afferent impulses from receptors in nose, odors
-
-
visceral sensory area
sensations from stomach, bladder
-
vestibular cortex
balance
-
anterior association (prefrontal cortex)
- intellect
- complex learning abilities
- working memory
- reasoning, abstract thinking
- personality
-
posterior association area
- pattern and face recognition
- written and spoken language
-
limbic association area
emotional impact of a scene and memory of it
-
left brain
language, math, logic
-
right brain
visual-spatial skills, intuition, emotion, artistic ability
-
commissural fibers-
connect two hemispheres
-
association fibers
connect different parts of the same hemisphere
-
projection fibers
cerebrum & other brain regions
-
cerebellum
- subconscious activity
- coordination
- posture maintenance
- motor memories
- motor- some non motor are word association and puzzle solving
-
choroid plexuses
form CSF
-
bbb
- chemical stability in brain
- exceptionally selective
- not uniform throughout brain
- glucose, amino acids, electrolytes diffuse
-
-
-
concussion
alters brain function
-
contusion
bruising in brain
-
subdural hemorrhage
bleeding within spaces
-
cerebral edema
swelling/ fluid accumulation
-
parkinsons
degeneration of dopamine release, tremors
-
huntingtons
fatal, 15 years of onset
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