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movement away from the body
abduction
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a neotransmitter released by the parasympathetic nerves onto organs and glands for resting and digesting
acetylcholine
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an enzyme within the nervous system that hydrolyzes acetylcholine to acetate and coline
acetycholinesterase
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movement toward the body
adduction
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a process that requires large amounts of oxygen and uses glucose to make ATP
aerobic respiration
-
-
a muscle that produces a movement opposite to the prime mover
atagonist
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a tough, sheet like structure that is made of fibrous connective tissue, It typically attaches muscles to other muscles
aponeurosis
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A life threating type of type of food poisoning that results from eating improperly canned or preserved foods that been contaminated witht the bacterium clostridium botulinum
botulism
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moving a body part in a circle
circumduction
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a protein that stores extra phospate groups
creatine phospate
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the lowering of the body
depression
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pointing the toes upward
dorsiflexion
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the raising of the body
elevation
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a connective tissue covering that surrounds individual muscle cells
endomysium
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a thin covering that is just deep to the fascia of a muscle. it surrounds the entire muscle.
epimysium
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turning the sole of the foot laterally
eversion
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an unbending or straightening movement of the two elements of a jointed body part
extension
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a structure that covers entire skeletal muscles and separates them from each other
fascia
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sections of a muscle divided by connective tissue called perimyslum
fascicle
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extension of a body part past the normal anatomic position
hyperextension
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an attachment site ofa skeletal muscle that moves when a muscle contracts
insertion
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citric acid cycle. this cycle genterates atp for muscle cells
krebs cycle
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a waste product that must be released from the cell. It is prooduced when a cell is low on oxygen and converts pyruvicacid
lactic acid
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a type of smooth muscle that is found in the iris of the eye and in the walls of blood vessels
multi unit smooth muscle
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a condition causeed by a buildup of lactic acid
muscle fatigue
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muscle cells that are called fibers because of their long lengths
muscle fiber
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a group of inherited disorders characterized by a loss of muscle tissue & by muscle weakness
myasthenia gravis
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muscle cells also called muscle fibers
myocytes
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long structures that fill the sarcoplasm of a muscle fiber
myofibrils
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a pigment contained in muscle cells that stores extra oxygen
myoglobin
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a neurotransmitter released by symphatic neurons onto organs and glands for fight or fight (stressful situations)
norepinephrine
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an attachment site of a skeletal muscle that does not move when skeletal muscles are used strenuosly for a minute or two.
origin
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a condition that develops when skeletal muscles are used strenuosly for a minute or two
oxygen debt
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the connective tissue that divides a muscle into sections called fascicles.
perimysium
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the rythmic muscular contractions that move a substance through a tract, such as food through the digestive tract and the ovum through the fallopian tube.
peristalsis
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pointing the toes downward
plantar flexion
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the muscle responsible for most of the movement when a movement is produced by a group of muscles
prime mover
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turning the palms of the hand downward
pronation
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moving a body part posteriorly
retraction
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a condition in which the kidneys have been damaged due to toxins released from muscle cells
rhabdomyolysis
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twisting a body part
rotation
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the cell membrane of a muscle fiber
sarcolemma
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the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
sarcoplasm
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the endoplasmic reticulam of a muscle fiber
sarcoplasmic reticulum
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a valve-like structure formed from circular bands of muscle sphincters are located around various body openings and passages
sphincter
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bands produced from the arrangement of fillaments in myofibrils in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells
striations
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turning the palrm of the hand upward
supination
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muscles that help the prime mover by stabilizing joints
synergist
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a cord like fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone
tendon
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inflammation of a tendon
tendonitis
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a disease caused by clostrodium titani living in the soil, water, more commonly called lockjaw
tetanus
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a muscular disease causing a cervical deformity in which the head bends toward the affected side while the chin rotates to the opposite side
torticollis
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a disease caused by a worm that is usually ingested from undercooked meat
trichinosis
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a type of smooth muscle containing sheets of muscle that dosely contact each other.it is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, intestines, bladder and uterus
visceral smooth muscle
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