Fluid, electrolyte, acid and base review.txt

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Hormones regulating Renal Na+ & Cl- reabsorption
- Angiotension II: and aldosterone, work to promote urinary Na+ & Cl- REABSORPTION (& H20 by osmosis) when dehydrated
- Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) promotes EXCRETION of Na+ & Cl- (followed by H20 excretion) to DECREASE blood volume
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- aka vasopressin
- produces concentrated urine due to INCREASED reabsorption of water
Extracellular fluid
- Most abundant Cation: Na+
- Most abundant Anion: Cl- (2nd is bicarb)
Intracellular fluid
- Most abundant Cation: K+ (2nd is Mg+)
- Most abundant Anion: Proteins & Phosphates (HPO4-2)
Na+/K+ pumps
- Play role in:
- 1. keeping K+ HIGH Inside the cell (hence High K+ in ICF)
- 2. keeping Na+ HIGH outside cell (hence High Na+ in ECF)
Sodium levels in blood
- controlled by:
- 1. Aldosterone: increases renal reabsorption
- 2. ADH: if Na+ too LOW, ADH release stops
- 3. ANP: Increases renal excretion
Chloride regulation

ADH: governs the extent of H20 loss in urine
Potassium
- Most abundant in ICF
- Key role: estab. resting membrane potential in Neurons & Muscle fibers
- Helps regulate pH
- Controlled by: Aldosterone
Bicarbonate
- 2nd most prevalent ECF Anion
- Main regulator: Kidneys regulate blood bicarb levels
Calcium
- Key Roles: Excitability of Nervous & muscle tissue
- Main Regulator: Parathyroid Hormone
- 1. osteoclast stimulation
- 2. also enhances reabsorption from glomerular filtrate
- 3. increases production of CALCITOL to increase Absorption for GI tract
Phosphate

Regulator: Calcitrol promotes Absorption of phosphate & Calcium from GI tract
Magnesium
- 2nd most prevalent ICF Anion
- Role: cofactor for certain enzymes & Na+/K+ pump
Respiratory Acidosis

High P-CO2 in systemic arterial blood
Respiratory Alkalosis

Low P-CO2 in systemic arterial blood

Author

rincrocci

79185

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Fluid, electrolyte, acid and base review.txt

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anat

Updated

2011-04-12T22:51:00Z

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