Biology Test

What is a microorganism?

2 types of Cell arrangements

Rod - cell arrangments:

Cocci- cell arrangement

What are the three ways to classify Bacteria

If a Gram pos (+ve) it will be the color _______.

If a Gram Neg (-ve) it will the color ________.

Gram Postive cells walls are __________ and _______ crystal violet.

Gram Negative cell walls are __________ and ________ crystral violet.

Bacteria which cant survive long w/o oxygen

able to survive and metabolize 'food' in absense of oxygen

Type of anarobes where oxygen is poisonous.

Type of anarobe: able to shift through metabolism between aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Type of bacteria that can suspend growth for centuries, spend a few days dividing then suspend growth again.

2 Types of reproduction

Asexual reproduction of bacteria works through the process of ________ and _________ __________

Sexual reproduction of bacteria uses ___________

exchange of genetic materials (plasmid) between individuals

Not true reproduction but means of perserving genetic information from one generation to another

Allows for dormancy 1000+ years

Difficult to kill (hught heat/pressure, strong chemicals)

Example of Endospore Formation:

Pathogens are created due to the release of ________

Botulism is ___________

Type of Botulism that is common, rod-shaped and found in soil

This bacteria grows best under anaerobic conditions

Foodborne botulism comes from ....

Infant Botulism comes from.......

Types of exotoxin bacteria

Type of exotoxin bacteria that enters via wounds (often drug used)

Exotoxin bacteria infection via cut or deep injection, can cause lock jaw/ servere muscual spasm

This exotoxin bacteria is not highly communicable, spread by drinking contaimided water

This exotoxin bacteria can cause acute diarrhea to dehydration and shock

The exotoxin bacteria plague happens through ____________

Bacteria is ....... (3 points)

Archbacteria specialized for _________ enviroments

Archbacteria is highly _____________ and has a high ___________

Structure of bacteria:

Prokeyotes lacks:

as surface making it easier for bacteria to become established

Bacteruim normally found in intestinal tract (safe) dange comes when it enters body where it shouldnt be

Two dissimilar organisms live in close association and @ least 1 befits from the presence of the other

What happens when new strain of bacteria is consumed in food/water?

Benefits of bacteria in the digestive tract:

Benefits of Bacteria to Humans:

Kindom Protista belong to domian ________

A diverse group, lacks distinctive combinations of charateristics

All of the protista are __________

Three Groups of Protista :

Plant-like protists are __________
Example of this

AnimaL-like protist are ___________
Example of this:

Fungus-like protist are ____________.
Example of this

Plant-like protist chacateristics:

Major forms of algea:

Three forms of Algae:

anster to modern plants, freshwater some sp. are microscopic other are macroscopic

Red Algea is found in _________

This algea attached to the ocean floors by holdfast structure

this Aglae is found in splashzone to deth of 100M but most within intertidal zone

This algea is is smaller 3ft/1m

This species of algea is ecological and economical important because its contains _____________ and ___________

Growth for bacteria in microbio (such as yoghurt)

has cosmetical seletin for baby formula chocolate milk

This type of algea is found in colder waters

Stuctures of Brown Algea

Type of structure that ancors kelp but cannot conduct food or water

Type of structre that is hollow, gas bladders at bases of blades contains carbon monoxide

Ecological importance of kelp:

This sea is a Large mat of free floating kelp, its carried to present location by ocean currents, habitat important resources for : fish sp. turtles, eels, jellyfish crabs.

Charateritics of Planktonic Algea

Diatoms are found in ______________

Diations Cells walls contain ________

Ground diatoms are used in ________

Dinoflagellates are important for

Sarcodina is important

Many amebas are _________________ (can change shape easily)

Protozoans which use cilia for locomotion

Structurally most complex of protists

These have 15000 cilia covering the body, they are free-living, feed on bacteria and other microorganisms

Spore-like, non-motile throughout much of life cycle, apical complex, only gmetes have flagella

type of complex with a pointed end which helps parasites to peirce tissues/cells of host)

Example of a Spozoa

These sporoites injected into host via anticoagulent of mosquito (vector ) pentraters liver cells, undergoes schizogony

Merozites infect ____________

In RBCs, _____________ and ____________ produced beco me gamete which are sucked up by mosquitos

Gametes fuse in mesquitos stomache to form _________ --> ____________ -->__________

Species that is resistant to chlorination, needs extra filteration to remover, affects immunally compromised

Species, sexual reproduction occurs in cats, most humans when infected asymtomatic immune system defeats it

This can cause crosses maternal, spontanous abortion, still birth, mental retardation/epilephic seizures

This protist life cycle is similar to fungi produce spores which are dispersed by wind, both multinucleate

True fungi are nonphotsynthic eukaryotes with cell walls

Most Fungi are multicellur some are single celled such as ___________

disperse throughout enviroment via released of spores

extensive mycilial growth followed by hyphea which grow up

conjection; +ve & -ve stains attached to each other progametangia grow together , touch forming cross walls behind each other

antheria and ascosian

This fungi infect rye, but the exotoxins are used to induce labor and treat migranes

Basidiomycetes 'club fungi' are

Mushroom are ________ toadstool are _________

Called club fungi because spores produced at tips of swollen hypea

This type of club fungi the spores produced inside ball-like structure and expelled through pore at top

This type of club fungi is found on rooting wood or manure, biospidispores produced in nest -like cavities , spores w/ sticky thread, raindrop splast out spores

Deutermoycetes are called the _________ fungi

Deutermoycetes reproduce ______________

Symbiotic relationship between fungus and aglea

This type of lichen embeds into substrate

This type of lichen is leaf-like thalli

This type of lichen looks like miniture upright shrubs

All plants are:

the 4 most primitive forms of plants are:

Bryophyla mosses are

to conduct H20

To conduct nutruients

Conduct H20 and anchors plants to substrates

Helps to anchor plants; transport H20 and minarls stroes nutrients over winter

This plant structure protects plants from dissication and pathogens

this plant structure is about ground structures that support photosynthesis leaves and reproductive structure.

This structures transports nutrients, is a possible site for photosynthesis and stores food

This structure is a main site for photosynthesis, Light provides the energy

Stratagies for water convervation:

Have vascular tissue, Sporophyes dominant form: gameosphytes reduced and abitity to produce upright above ground structures

Seed producing vascular plants are called __________

More than 1 growing season between seeds and reproducing adults

Cone-bearing plants are _________

the type of leaves reduce water loss during dry spells

This tree's extrats used to make Taxol (cancer treatment)

This trees exacts treat ashma and improve memory

The trees that do not all shed at once are called _______________

Pollen tue emerges from male gametpythe and grows down int stigma and style

Endosperm extensive part of seeds, examples are corn and grass

Endospem nutrients absorbed into coleyclons by seeds maturty. Example is Legums

__________ contains 3 distint regions
what are the 3 regions

Flowers unit and single pistal is what fruit type

Simple Flesh Fruit types

Single seed surrounded by hard, stony endocarp (plum, olive, ect.)

Compound overies and usaually have more than 1 seed, (grape tomatoe, pumpkin)

bulk of flesh from floral tube that grows around ovary (apple)

Derived from single flower until several to many pistal; fruit on a single receptancle (strawberry raspberry)

dervived from several to many flowers upon maturation all develop into a single fruit

dry fruit split along 1 side or seam (milkweed)

Dry Fruit split on 2 sides (peas and beans)

Dry Fruit split on 2 butseeds on central axis when 1 halves of fruit seperate (dolla plant broccoli)

Most common 2 carpels which can split many ways (snap dragons lillies )

base of seed attached to pericarp , hisk can easily be removed (sunflower seed)

1 seeded fruit pericap hard and thick (acorn)

pericarp united with seed and cannot be sepreated

Pericap extends out as a wing

Turn fruit beam apart when drying

Seed Dispersal by wind