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Energy Balance is?
- amount of fat stored or used in a day is dependent on energy balance.
- 1lb. fat = 3500 calories
- excess energy is stored as fat
- we eat to refill our body
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To achieve energy balance your body does what?
- Tries to control how much energy comes in by affecting food intake.
- controls when to stop/start eating
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Direct Calorimetry?
amount of heat released when you burn the food.
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Indirect calorimetry?
measure the amount of oxygen consumed
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Bodies goal is
achieve energy balance
children are good at this
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Hunger?
physilogical need for food
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appetit?
- response to seeing or smelling food.
- full (not hungry) but still eat pie
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satiation?
signal to stop eating
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satiety?
signal of don't start eating again.
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Protien does what?
supresses hunger and inhibits eating the most
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Neuropeptide Y?
- causes carbohydrate cravings
- decreases energy used
- initiates eating.
- increases fat storage
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Ghrelin?
- secreted by stomach cells
- stimulates appitite,
- promotes energy storage
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Leptin?
- suppreses appitite,
- increases energy expetiager
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Thermogenesis?
easy measurement of how your body uses energy.
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Leptin production on people?
only very few people dont produce enough leptin
average person produces enough and given leptin does nothing for them.
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the bod's generation of heat is measured to determine what?
the amount of energy expended.
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Heat is released when?
- macronutrients used to make ATP
- rest is lost as heat.
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Remember metabolic events capture only about 40% of the energy as what?
ATP and the rest lost as heat.
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Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is?
the rate of energy used for metabolism under specified conditions
this is what we refer too when talking about ppl havinga fast or slow meabolism.
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Basal Metabolism is?
energy needed to maintain life when a body is at complete digestive, physical, and emotional rest.
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Resting Metabolic rate (RMR) is?
- less restrictions then BMR
- criteria for recent food intake and physical activity
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Physical Avtivity is?
voluntary movement of skeletal muscles and support systems.
most variable and most changeable component of energy expenditure.
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3 things that affect physical activity are?
- 1. muscle mass
- 2. body weight
- 3. activety it's self
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What is thermic effect of food?
- an estimation of the energy required to process food.
- to digest, absorb, transport, metabolise, and store ingested nutrients
- approximately 10% of energy intake
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Adaptive Theromogenesis
Adjustments in energy expenditure related to changes in environment and to physiological events.
bodies ability to adjust to the situation
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Body composition is?
proportions of muscle, bone, fat, and other tissue that make up a persons total body weight.
Difficult to measure body composition in living humans so we use body weight.
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Lean tissue =
bone, muscle, water
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Body weight does not=
- body fat
- a sedentary person can be at a healthy weight, but have too much fat.
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what is intra-adominal fat?
fat deposited around organs
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Central obesity is?
upper body fat mainly associated with heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, and some cancers.
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How do we determine a healthy body composition?
- by good health
- BMI is commonly used for this.
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Body Mass Index BMI is calculated how?
weight/height
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