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What are the organs of the urinary system?
kidneys, bladder, ureters & urethra
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What specialty in medicine focuses on the urinary system?
urology
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What are the organs of the urinary tract?
ureters, urinary bladder & urethra
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In relation to the peritoneum, what is the position of the kidneys?
retroperitoneal
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Where are the kidneys located?
superior pole at T12 & inferior pole at L3
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One kidney is lower than the other. Which one? Why?
right, to accomodate the large size of the liver
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In what part of a kidney do the vessels, nerves, and ureters connect to it?
hilum
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What internal space of a kidney houses the renal arteries, renal veins, lymphatic vessels, nerves, the renal pelvis, renal calyces, and fat?
renal sinus
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What layer of dense irregular connective tissue covers the outer surface of the kidney maintaining its shape, protecting it from trauma, and preventing the spread of infecctious pathogens?
fibrous capsule
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What layer of lipid-filled cells completely surrounds the kidney and offers cushioning and insulation?
perinephric fat or adipose capsule
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In a coronal section what is the outer, granular layer?
renal cortex
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In a coronal section what is the darker inner layer?
renal medulla
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What are the triangular shaped structures within the darker, inner layer of a kidney seen in a coronal section?
renal pyramids
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In the darker, inner layer of a kidney seen in a coronal section what structures lay between the triangular shaped structures?
renal columns
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What part of a renal pyramid projects into the renal sinus?
renal papilla
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What funnel-shaped structure attaches to a renal pyramid to collect urine?
minor calyx
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The funnel-shaped structures attached to the renal pyramids within the renal sinus merge to form what still larger structures?
major calyces
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What large, funnel-shaped structure within the renal sinus collects urine and delivers it to the ureter?
renal pelvis
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What is the main blood supply to the kidney?
renal artery
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What vein drains the kidney?
renal vein
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What long, fibromuscular tubes conduct urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?
ureters
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What is the location of the ureters?
retroperitoneal
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What rhythmic movements of smooth muscle propel urine along the length of a ureter?
peristalsis
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pain from a ureter is projected to what dermatomes? Where are these located?
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What organ serves as a reservoir for urine?
urinary bladder
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What is the general location of the urinary bladder?
posterior to the pubis
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What is the position of the urinary bladder in relation to the peritoneum?
anteperitoneal
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Where do the ureters enter the bladder?
posterolateral wall
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What trinagular area within the urinary bladder has the ureteral orifices and the urethral opening as its borders?
trigone
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What fibromusclar tube conducts urine to the exterior of the body?
urethra
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What circular array of smooth muscle guards the orifice of the urethra?
internal urethral sphincter
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What circular array of skeletal muscle voluntarily controls the flow of urine through the urethra?
external uerthral sphincter
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How long is the female urethra?
3-5 cm
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How long is the male urethra?
18-20 cm
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