the inability of government to act because of rival parties in control of different parts of the govt
electoral college
the people chosen to cast each states votes in a presidential election. each state can cast one electoral vote for each senator and rep it has. DC has three
pyramid structure
a presidents subordinates report to him through a clear chain of command headed by a chief of staff
circular structure
several presidents assistants report to him directly
ad hoc structure
several subordinates, cabinet officer, and committees report directly to the pres on different matters
cabinet
the heads of the fifteen executive branch departments of the federal govt
bully pulpit
the presidents use of his prestige and visibility to guide the public
veto message
a message from the pres to congress stating that he will not sign a bill it has passed, it must be produced within ten days of the bills passage
pocket veto
a bill fails to become law because the pres did not sign it within ten days
line-item veto
an executives ability to block a particular provision in a bill passed by legislature
signing statement
a presidential document that reveals what the pres thinks of a new law and how it should be inforced
legislative veto
the authority of congress to block a pres action after it has taken place. the supreme court says congress does not have this power
impeachment
charges agains a pres approved by a majority of the House
lame duck
a person still in office after he/she has lost a bid for reelection