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Jingoism
- The use of public opinion to stir support for one's own nation and hatred for another nation.
- Used extensively by political leaders to justify imperial expansion.
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Berlin Conference
- An International conference held to decide who should run the Congo Basin.
- Yielded the Congo to Leopold II of Belgiumas the Congo Free State.
- Laid down the ground rules for all other colonial acquisitions in Africa.
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Cecil Rhodes
- The best-known British investor, politician, and financier.
- Intent upon expanding his wealth through an expansion of British power.
- Attempted to overthrow the government of Afrikaner to eliminate economic intervention.
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Boxer Rebellion
- The rebellion of Chinese peasants against the foreign, Christian exploitation in northern China.
- Made clear to the Western powers of their limited ability to control social unrest in China.
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Herbert Spencer
An intellectual who popularized Social Darwinism, a hiercarchy of races with Europeans being the dominant race over Africans due to evolutionary processes, thus justifying Imperialism.
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Suez Canal
- This canal joined the Mediterranean and Red Seas.
- Created a new, safer trade route to the East.
- Trading vessels no longer had to go all the way around Africa's Cape of Good Hope.
- Built by France.
- English purchased a controlling interest.
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Triple Entente
An alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in reponse to the Triple Alliance (Italy, Germany, and Austria)
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Dual Alliance
- An alliance between Austria-Hungary and Germany because Russia felt betrayed by Bismarck and ended ties with Germany.
- Italy later joined in 1882 to form the Triple Allinace.
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Francis Galton
- A cousin of Charles Darwin and criminologist who proved the individuality of fingerprints.
- Propogated pseudoscientific ideas about eugenics, the improvement of the human race through selective breeding
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Reinsurance Treaty
- An alliance between Germany and Russia that stipulated that each power would maintain neutrality should the other find itself at war.
- Bismarck was walking a fine line with so many secret treaties.
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J. A. Hobson
A journalist and theorist of imperialism who denounced the "abuse of the press" in Psychology of Jingoism (1901), recognizing Jingoism as nationalism melded with xenophobia.
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