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Nucleotide
- a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basicstructural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
- components:
- 1. deoxyribose sugar
- 2. a phosphate group
- 3. one of four nitrogenous bases
- (A) Adenine
- always together
- (T) Thymine
- (C) Cytosine
- always together
- (G) Guanine
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Deoxyribose Sugar
One of the components of a nucleotide, contains 5 carbon atoms
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Phosphate Group
One of the components of a nucleotide
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Nitrogenous base
- One of four nitrogenous bases
- (A) Adenine
- always together
- (T) Thymine
- (C) Cytosine
- always together
- (G) Guanine
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Adenine
One out of the four acid compounds, always together with Thymine.
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Thymine
One out of the four acid compounds, always together with Adenine.
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Cytosine
One out of the four acid compounds, always together with Guanine.
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Guanine
One out of the four acid compounds, always together with Cytosine.
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Complementary base pairing
Pairs of DNA that fit together.
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Double Helix
a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, esp. that in the structure of the DNA molecule.
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Replication
The action of copying or reproducing something. One of the exact same.
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Sexual Reproduction
The production of offspring by combining genetic material from two parent organisms. Offspring are genetically different from parents.
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Asexual Reproduction
Offspring are genetically identical to parents.
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Somatic Cells
Body Cells, or somatic cells, of every species have a characteristic number of chromosomes. Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
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Gametes
Sex cells are referred to as. Contain only 23 chromosomes, combine to produce offspring.
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Fertilization
The fusion of the nuclei of male and female gametes. (Egg + Sperm)
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Zygote
- The single cell formed during fertilization.
- Male Gamete + Female Gamete = Zygote
- n+n=2n
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Haploid
A cell with only one complete set of chromosomes.
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Diploid
A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes.
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Homologous Chromosome Pair
All human somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs each of the 23 pairs.
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Tetrad
2 chromosomes together
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Crossing over
- the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental
- characteristics in offspring.
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Phases of Meiosis
- Prophase I
- Metaphase I
- Anaphase I
- Telophase I
- Cytokinesis I
- Prophase II
- Metaphase II
- Anaphase II
- Telophase II
- Cytokinesis II
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Independent assortment of chromosomes
The process of random segregation and assortment of chromosomes during anaphase I ofmeiosis resulting in the production of genetically unique gametes.
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