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The process of gas exchange is called _______
respiration
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It is the interchange of ______ and the waste product ______ between an organism and its environment.
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Respiration in an animal with lungs involves 3 phases of gas exchange:
1) Breathing
2) Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood (circulatory system)
3) Body tissues exchange gases; take up oxygen and release carbon dioxid
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_______ is ventilation of the lungs through alternating inhalation and exhalation
Breathing
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When we inhale, ______ diffuses across the cells lining the lungs and into the blood
oxygen
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When we exhale, _____ _____ is removed from the bod
carbon dioxide
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The oxygen that diffused into the blood attaches to ________ in red blood cells
hemoglobin
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Oxygen-rich blood is then transported from the _____ to _______ in body tissue.
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Carbon dioxide if transported from the capillaries in the ______ ______ back to the lungs
body tissues
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Oxygen is required for cellular respiration in the _____to produce ______to power cellular work
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Q: Why can’t humans survive for more than a few minutes without oxygen?
A: Cells require a steady supply of ATP in order to function. Cellular respiration requires a continuous supply of oxygen to produce ATP.
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Animals exchange O2 and CO2 across ______body surfaces.
moist
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Lungs are internal, thin-walled sacs lined with moist _________
epithelium
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the _________, grapelike clusters of air sacs, where gas exchange occur.
alveoli (singular alveolus)
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The _______ cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by a sheet of muscle called the diaphragm, which helps ventilate the lungs
thoracic
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_______ _____ is the maximum volume of air that we can inhale and exhale with each breath.
Vital capacity
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Breathing control centers are located in the brain in the ____and _____ ______region
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Exercise increases ______ _____ waste which lowers the _____of blood. The medulla senses the drop in ____ and increases the breathing rate to eliminate the excess _____ _____ through exhaling
carbon dioxide
pH
pH
carbon dioxide
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Q: How does oxygen get from our lungs to all the other tissues in our bodies, and how does carbon dioxide travel from the tissues to the alveoli?
A: The heart pumps blood to 2 regions…
1) One side of the heart pumps oxygenpoor blood to the lungs (blue).
2) The other side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the tissue cells throughout the body
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_______is an iron-containing pigment that turns red when bound with oxygen
Hemoglobin
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Each hemoglobin molecule can carry ___ oxygen molecules
4
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Each hemoglobin molecule consists of 4 _____ ____ (2 sets of 2 different types), 4 ____ ____ , and 4 _____ atoms
polypeptide chains
heme groups (1 per polypeptide chain)
iron (each in thecenter of a heme group)
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Each iron atom can carry ___ oxygen molecule(s)
1
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