anatomy

• Smell
• doesnt go through hypothalmus

vision

• somatic motor function- superior rectus, inferior rectus, median rectus, inferior oblique
• Parasymathetic motor function- sphincter muscle pupillae muscle of iris, ciliary muscle to make lense of eye mor spherical(as needed for near vision)

somatic motor-superior oblique( to move eye inferiorly and laterally)

sensory motor-touch, tempeture, pain for V1 cornea, nose forehead, anterior scalp, V2 nasal mucosa, palate, gums, cheek,V3 anterior2/3 of tongue, skin of chin, lower teeth, lower jaw, some of ear

Somatic motor-Lateral rectus

• sensory function- anterior 1/3 of tongue
• somatic motor function-temporal,zygomatic, buccal, mandibular,cervical(facial expression)
• parasympathetic motor-lacrimal gland of eye, submandibular and sublingual saliva glands

Somatic motor-lateral rectus

• Sensory-taste posterior 1/3 of tongue
• somatic motor-pharynx
• parasympathetic motor-secretion of parotid salivary gland

• sensory-pharynx,larynx,heart,lungs,most abdominal organs, ear
• somatic motor-pharynx, larynx
• parasymathetic-viseral smooth muscle, cardiac, glands of heart, lungs, pharyna, larnyx, trachea, and most abdominal organs

somatic motor-pharynx, trapezius, streneoclideomastiod

somatic motor-intrinsic and extrinsic tongue

• 8 cervical(one more then the amount of vertabrae)
• 12 thoracic
• 5 sacral
• 1 coccygeal

(inferior to lumbar enlargements) spinal cord becomes tapered and conical

• 2. Extends to 2nd sacral vertebrae
• 3. Provides longitudinal support to the spinal cord

groups of axons

• dura mater
• subdural space
• arachniod
• subarachnoid
• pia mater

• between verbral wall and dura mater
• site of Epidural block

• intervention space filled with cerebrospinal fluid
• a. CSF: shock absorber, diffusion medium for dissolved gases, nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products
• b. Spinal Tap: insertion of needle into the subarachnoid space in the inferior lumbar region

contain somatic motor nuclei

located only in the thoracic and lumbar segments (T1-L2), contain visceral motor nuclei

contain somatic and visceral nuclei

posterior to and anterior to the central canal, contain axons that cross from one side of the cord to the other before they reach a destination in the grey matter

anterior horns innervate skeletal muscle

lateral horns innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

• 1. C1-C4
• 2. Innervate muscles of neck, extend into thoracic cavity controlling diaphragm
• 3. Phrenic nerve- provides the entire nerve supply to the diaphragm

C5-T1

• lateral cord(c5-c7)
• Musculocutaneous nerve(corcobracialis,biceps) and median nerve(anterior forearm muscle)

• posterior cord(c5-t1)
• axillary nerve(axilary,deltiod,teres minor),radial nerve(forearm extensors,wrist extensors)

• median cord(c8-t1)
• ulnar nerve(inferior forarm) median nerve(anterior forearm muscle)

• musculocutaneous nerve
• median nerve
• axillary nerve
• radial nerve
• ulnar nerve

motor axons

sensory axons

contains both anterior and posterior roots

innervates deep muscles of the back

is larger,splits into multiple branches,innervates anterior lateral portions of trunk, the upper limbs, and lower limbs, go on to plexus

• from sacral plexus
• common fibular nerve
• tibial nerve

• sensory neuron synapses directly on a motor neuron
• Length of delay is proportional to number of synapses involved
• hammer reflex on knee

• longer delay between stimulus and response
• step on a nail you jump and balance youself with other foot more complex

• adrenocorticotropic(ACTH)adrenal cortex
• follicle-stimulating(FSH)testes ovarys
• Growth(GH)all body tissue, bone,muscle,adipose
• luteinizing(LH)testes, ovarys
• Melanocyte-stimulating(MSH)melanocytes in skin
• Prolactin(PRL) mammilary gland
• Thyriod-stimulating(TSH)thyriod

• antidiuretic(ADH)kidneys
• Oxytocin(OT) females,uterus,mammary glands Males smooth muscle of reproductive tract

• releasing hormones
• inhibiting hormones

• Cortex-corticosteroids,mineralocorticoids,glucocorticoids,gonadocorticoids
• medulla-epinephrine(E),norepinphrine(NE)both stimulate fight or flight response

• estrogen
• progesterone
• inhibin

• androgens
• testosterone
• inhibin

• glucagon
• insulin
• somatostatin
• pancreatic polypeptide

• plasma 55%
• buffy coat 1%(leukocytes,platelets)
• erythrocytes 44%

• albumins-regulate water movement, transport proteins
• globulins-bind,build and support
• fibrinogen-blood clot formation

• Tunic intima
• Tunic media
• Tunic externa

• Elastic
• muscular
• arteriole

• large
• medium-size
• venule

• parathyriod-parathyroid hormone
• Thyriod-calcitonin response to elevated calcium levels