massasge

a mechanical stimulation of the tissues by means of rhythmically applied pressure and stretching

• ans phenomenon
• can occur alone or with mechanical effect
• sedation, relief of tension, and inc blood flow

• cutaneous stimulation of large diameter afferent nerve fibers effectively block transmission of pain
• stimulation of painful areas in the skin or myofascia can facilitate the release of B-endorphins and enkephalin; affect transmission in descending spinal tract

• emptying of blood vessels by squeezing and also by reflex action on blood vesels from sympathetic division on the NS
• inc blood volume and blood flow resulting in inc temp of the area
• inc lymphatic flow, which helps to reduce edema in interstitial space

• inc blood circulation which then inc the clearing of waste products and inc of blood and oxygen
• help remove lactic acid

stretching of muscle, elongated fascia or mobilize soft tissue adhesions or restrictions and they tend to be accompanied by some reflex effects

• inc blood flow to skeletal muscles and inc venous return
• dec in neuromuscular exciability (muscles spasm)
• stretching of muscle and scar tissue
• inc of ROM

• inc temp
• inc sweating
• dec skin resistance to electrical current
• breaks down adhesions and soften scar
• removal of dead cells that may result from prolonged casting

• feeling of "helping hand"
• sedative effect
• reduction of tension and anxiety
• inc feeling of well being

inc coordination, dec pain, dec neuromuscular excitability, stimulate circulation, facilitate healing, restore jt mobility, remove lactic acid, alleviate muscle cramps, inc blood flow, inc venous return, retard muscle atrophy, inc ROM, edema, myositis, bursitis, fibrositis, tendonitis, revascularization, headaches/migraines

circulatory disorders, cellulitis, absceses, synovitis, skin infections, malignancies, acute inflammatory conditions, fever

• accessory route by which fluid can flow from interstitial spaces into the blood flow
• can carry protein and large particulat matter away from tissue spaces

skin, bones, CNS, peripheral nerves, endomysium of muscles

thoracic duct and right lymph duct

• internal factor
• external factor

• contraction of surrounding muscles of the body
• mvmt of the parts of the body
• pumping force of the heart
• compression of the tissues by objects outside the body (pressure bandage)

• hands must be clean
• proper positioning of pt
• rhythm must be steady and even
• large area > time than large jt
• massage proximal area first than move distal but direction is from distal to proximal
• begin with effleurage and end with effleurage
• elevate body part if needed

direction of muscle fibers

• at or below
• above

• a relaxing stroke on superfical area
• helps the return flow of the venous and lymphatic system
• direction should be towards the heart

• general
• bilateral tree
• shingles
• knuckling
• three count traps
• horizontal stroke

go up a little, out, back to the middle, and then up further

• one side at a time with both hands. one hand out one hand in
• lead with ulnar border of hand

same as others except use knuckles

go from lower to middle to upper trap

one hand on either side of pelvis at low back lift and squeeze across

• consist of grasping, wringing, lifting, rolling, or pressing part of a muscle
• inc venous and lymphatic return and to break up adhesions in the skin
• mvmt of hands is from distal to proximal point of muscle insertion
• grasping must be parallel to or at a right angle to muscle fibers

• two handed petrissage
• one handed petrissage
• creepy crawly

both hands do circles in the same direction on same side pushing hard to move fluids

pick up muscle group and squeeze

alternating two handed petrissage thumb of one hand and fingers of the other hand work together trying to move a wave of tissue

• series of brisk blows for stimulation
• inc blood flow
• peripheral nerve endings are stimulated to produce stronger impulses

• hacking
• slapping
• beating
• tapping
• clapping

alternating striking of patient with ulnar border of the hand

alternate slapping with fingers

half closed fist using the hypothenar eminence of the hand

with the tips of the fingers

• using fingers, thumb, and palm together to form a concave surface
• used in postural drainage and for breathing exercises

• rhythmic trembling mvmt that causes the part to vibrate
• force come from forearm and elbow
• useful for dislodging congestion when postural drainage or productive coughing is being performed
• used after cupping

• superficial stroking
• deep stroking
• kneading
• superficial stroking
• frictional or tapotement
• deep stroking
• superficial

• is a technique of small mvmts that penetrate into the depth of muscle, tendon, and ligament by moving the tissues under the skin
• used to maintain or restore mobility

• traumatic hyperemia
• frees adherent fibrous tissue (scar)
• aid in the absorption of local edema or effusions
• inc tissue perfusion
• reduce local muscular spasm
• reduce inflammation around jt and prevent the formation of adhesions

• prevents debilitating scar from forming during remodeling stage of healing
• re-institues inflammatory processes until a point where inflammatory process is brought to a successful end
• useful in chronic cases and overue problems

• normal healing is from base membrane
• in ulcers start from top rather than from base
• friction on edge delays this closing to allow ulcer to close or heal from bottom

• get rid of painful crepitus
• and put tendon in a sheath

• ossification in soft tissue
• bursitis
• RA
• pressure on nerve
• cancer, TB, and infected nodule

• identify spot to be treated
• tendon in slight stretch
• massage with thumb or index finger, or the heel of the hand
• friction must be given across the affected area in case of a tendon, or circular if it is a trigger or acupressure point
• 7-10 min`

using trigger pressure over acupunture points or trigger points to decrease pain

• muscle, tendons, myofascia, ligaments and capsules surrounding joins, periosteum and in skin
• may become active b/c of some trauma to the muscle

• ohmmeter may be used to locate trigger point
• massage with index or middle finger, the thumb or elbow
• small circular motions
• pressure determined by pt
• more pressure more effective
• 1-5 min single point
• start distally proceed proximally
• dulling or numbing effect is indication of relief