-
Wb cells which are produced in red bone marrow & mature in thymus, circulate in blood & lymph & go to lymph nodes, spleen where they do battle
T lymphocytes (T cells)
-
Wb cells distinguished by the CD8 cell-surface glycoprotein & directly kill virus/pathogen-infected cells & abnormal cells
Cytotoxic T cells (Tc Cells)
-
Function to help regulate the activities of B cells and cytotoxic T cells during an immune response by secreting cytokines, which determine which immune response will be activated
Helper T cells (T H cells)
-
Soluble protein messengers that are secreted by leukocytes and help determine which immune response will be activated by communication
Cytokines
-
2 Types of Helper T cells & what cells they assist
- Type 1 helper T cell (T H1): assist cytotoxic T cells
- Type 2 helper T cell (T H2): assist B cells
-
Examples of cytokines (4)
- IL-1
- IL-2
- Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha)
- Tumer necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)
-
Type of cytokine which is produced by activated APCs
Stimulates TH cells and B-cells
IL-1
-
Type of cytokine which is produced by macrophages and NK cells
Cytotoxic to tumor cells
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)
-
2 types of immunity
- Innate
- Acquired (Adaptive)
-
2 types of acquired immunity
- Humoral immunity
- Cell-mediated immunity
-
Humoral immunity vs cell-mediated
- Type of immunity which produces antibodies and destroys extracellular pathogens
- vs
- Type of immunity which monitors all cells & destroys self's abnormal cells & intracellular pathogens (mostly T cells & NK cells)
-
_____ cells make antibodies and are a type of ____ immunity
-
4 functions of B cells
- antibody production
- immune memory
- antigen presentation
- produce cytokines
-
B cells become ____ cells or ____ cells
- plasma cells
- memory B cells
-
Fully activated B cells which each produce ONE type of antibody
Have short life but their antibodies can persist
Plasma cells
-
Partially activated B cells which do NOT secrete antibodies
Have long life & stay in lymphoid tissue, prepared for another encounter w/same antigen
Memory B cells
-
Type of wb cell that is specific and is distinguished by CD8 on cell surface; attacks virus-infected cell or tumor cell by producing perforin, which causes cell lysis--> cell death
Tc cells
-
Toxic chemical produced by Tc cells which pokes a hole in cell, making it leaky, causing cell lysis & cell death
Perforin
-
Type of wb cell that is nonspecific, attacks virus-infected cell or tumor cell by producing perforin, causing cell lysis & cell death
NK cells (natural killer cells)
-
Membrane proteins (glycoproteins) which present processed antigen to T cells & are important in tissue rejection
MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex)
-
Type of MHC which shows a foreign antigen, and present only on antigen-presenting cells (APC cells)
MHC II
-
Type of MHC which marks cell as "self"
All cells have xcpt rb cells so concern when receiving organ transplant (foreign tissue=nonself)
MHC I
-
Large antigen molecule with readily accessible, repeating antigenic determinants which B cells can bind to directly w/out being processed, stimuting B cells to differentiate into a plasma cell and produce antibodies
T-independent antigen
-
Type of antigen which has less accessible antigenic determinants- B cells require help of helper T cells to target these antigens
(most common antigen)
T-dependent antigens
-
Number of antibodies produced in response to infection
Antibody titer
-
A ________ infection is a type of infection that you get first in life, and ___ is the immunoglobin produced.
-
Process that is specific for infection, w/e is needed is what is produced and multiplied
Clonal selection
-
General structure of IgG (3 regions)
- Variable regions
- Diversity region
- Joining regions
-
Describes a lack of reaction by the body's defense mechanisms to foreign substances.
Lymphocytes are said to be _____ when they fail to respond to their specific antigen.
-
4 types of acquired immunity
- Naturally acquired: encountered during daily life
- Artificially acquired: via vaccine
- Active
- Passive
-
Active vs passive acquired immunity
- Response to antigens via humoral or cell-mediated responses; immediate (T, B cells)
- Receive antibodies from another individual; takes ~wk (injected into animal who gets immune, then make vaccine)
-
Active vs passive immunization
- Administration of a vaccine so patient actively mounts a protective immune response
- Person acquires immunity through transfer of antibodies formed by immune person or animal
|
|
