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Period of history when philosophers and reformers challenged the prison tradition with new ideas about the individual is called
Enlightenmeny
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First penitentiaries occurred in
New York & Pennsylvania
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Isolation at night and then work with prisoners during the day
Congregate system (NY)
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Which model makes greater use of incarceration,mandatory sentences, and strict supervision of probationers and parolees?
Crime Control
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Central idea of a community corrections approached is to?
Reintegrate them into community
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Jails are administered by who?
Sheriff
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Primary functions of jails are?
Short term detain
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1,4,8,14 Amendment and corrections;
- 1st freedom of expression
- 4th amendment taken away(search and seize)
- 8th Cruel and unusual punishment; ask if they want to work.
- 14th All people treated fail
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Due process must be followed when decisions are made about discipline of an inmate. Case law?
Wolf v Mcdonnell
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Prisoners are entitled to protection of the civil rights act of 1871 according to what case law?
Cooper v Pate
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Community corrections seek to keep...?
Offenders in the community
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Offender return to criminal behavior after convicting is called?
Recidivism
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The conditional release of the offender into the community under supervision of the correction officials is called?
Conditions of release
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World's first probation officer was?
John Augustus
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If a probationer fails to abide by rules and condtions of probation, this is called a?
Technical violation
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Examples of technical violations
- Violating curfew
- failing drug test
- using alcohol
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3 types of intermediate sanctions that can be administered by a judge are?
- fine
- restitution
- forfeiture
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Repayment by an offender to a victim who has suffered some form of finacial loss is
Restitution
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Probationer is ordered to report to a community correction center each day to comply with condition of sentence, is called?
Condition of probation
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model of corrections that emphasizes matntaining offenders' ties to family and community is?
Reintegration model
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Model of incarceration that emphasizes security and discipline and order is?
Custodial model
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Correction officers rely on ___ and ___ to gain cooperation.
Rewards and punishment
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Correction officers also tolerate what?
Minor rule infractons
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three jobs of correctional officers;
counsel, supervise, and protect
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Officer uses a level of force reasonale to protect themselves is considered?
Self-defense
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process of assigning an inmate to a category is?
Classification
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Conditional release of an inmate from incarceration under supervision after prison sentence has been served
Parole
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parole rests on three concepts;
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Who developed parole?
Alexander Maconochie
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Release of inmate from prison to conditional supervision at discretion of parole board is
Discretionary release
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inmate has served total sentence minus credit for good time and are released to parole for remainder is?
Mandatory release
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When a suspect is sentenced to probation supervision in community, this is called?
Probation release
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Lawa and rules that must be followed by parolees are called
conditions of release
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Release of inmate with out any further correctional supervision is called?
Expiration release
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Temporary release of inmate from a correctional institution for visit home is called
Furlough
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Facilities for parolees to spend a portion of their day at work and place to reside in custody at night are called
Halfway house
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two roles played by parole officer?
Cop and Social Worker
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3 problems with adjusting to life outside prison
- Welfare
- public housing
- voting rights
- receipt of student loans
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Action of executive branch excluding offense & absolving offender from consequences of crime. (Done by the President)
Pardon
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