Chemistry Chapter 9

Acids produce Hydronium Iions, H₃O⁺ in aqueous solutions. Bases produce hydroxide ions, OH^- in aqueous soltions by dissociation of ions and reaction with water.

Does not require water as the solvent. Acid is a proton donor. Base is a proton acceptor. Conjugate bases.

• in water, produce almost 100% H3O+
• (equilibrium is far to the right - K is large)

• in water, produce very little H3O+
• (equilibrium is far to the left - K is small)

• in water, produce
• almost 100% OH- (equilibrium is far to the right – K is large)

• in water, produce very little OH-
• (equilibrium is far to the left - K is small)

HCl, HSO4^-

H₂SO₄, H₂PO₄^-

H₃PO₄

except for H2O, the amphiprotic substance will be negatively charged and contain a H at the beginning of the chemical formula

• the position of the equilibrium is shifted
• away from the stronger acid, i.e. to the opposite side

determined by the acid ionization constant, Ka - the greater its value, the stronger the acid

• Keq = [H₃O⁺][HCO₃^-]
• [H₂CO₃][H₂O]