Toxicology Exam 3

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Toxicities may vary based on
- plant parts
- age of plant
- climate/soil conditions
Blue-green algae
- toxic during bloom
- hepatopeptide (cyclinc polypeptide) = fast death factor
symptoms of blue-green algae poisoning
- GI inflammation
- swollen liver
- tubular necrosis
Ocean algae
- domoic acid (green)
- kainic acid (red)
- from filter feeding mussels
domoic acid (green algae) is found

in the north
kainic acid (red algae) associated with
- saxitoxin
- paralytic shelfish poisoning
- extremely potent phytotoxin
- 50X the potentcy of curare
mechanism of saxitoxin
- blocks Na+ channels
- fast acting after ingestion
- resutls in paralisis and paresthesias
- blocks respiratory muscles
treatment of saxitoxin poisoning

symptomatic
domoic acid and kainic acid
- excitatory amino acids that activated the glutamate receptor resulting in blockade.
- controll of the ion channel is lost and may be permenant
short term symptoms of ocean algae exposure
- gi distress
- headache
- hemiparesis
- confusion
- seizures
long term effects of ocean algae exposure
- memory and neuronal loss
- can be irreversible
Poisonous fungi
- ergot
- amanita species (mushrooms)
C. purpurea
- ergot alkaloids
- ergotamine
- ergonovine
C. purpurea exposure results in
- intense vasoconstriction
- irreversible vasoconstriction
- uterine muscle contractions
Amanita muscaria also known as ___ and is (colors)
- fly agaric
- red with white spots
A. Muscaria poison agents
- muscarine
- muscaridine
- ibotenic acid
- muscimol
symptoms of A. muscaria poison
- depend on cholinergic properties
- mild psychotomimietic action
A. Phalloidin
- fast acting
- combines with actin influencing muscle contractions
- explosive diarrhea followed by hepatic and renal damage
- 60% mortality if untreated
A. amanitins
- slow acting
- bind RNA polymerase inhibiting protein synthesis primarily in the liver
- signs of hepatotoxicity in 3 days
- marked increse in ALTs
- renal and proximal tubular lesions in severe cases
Rhus toxicity comes from
- poison ivy (R. toxicodendron)
- poison oak (R. diversiloba)
- poison sumac, dogwood or elder (R. vernix)
Agent of toxicity in Rhus plants

urushiol
Rhus prevention
- recognize plants
- wear long sleeves, boots and gloves
- launder contaminated clothes seperately
- use barrier products such as ivy block

Author

Rx2013

78847

Card Set

Toxicology Exam 3

Description

Poisonous Plants

Updated

2011-04-11T16:10:11Z

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