ECS_NB_Chunk_4

• P>220.9 bar
• T>374.3 C

**Efficiency increases with both temperature and pressure.

• 1) High efficiency
• 2) Lower emissions
• 3) Lower cost
• i) Once through is simpler
• ii) No drum
• iii) Smaller diameter tubes

• 1) For CFB highest heat flux region is in the water heating section.
• 2) For PC highest heat flux is near water-steam transition region.
• 3) Highest heat flux is much higher than average in PC.
• 4) Much more uniform heat distribution

It increases in a logarithmic fashion.

• 1) Air blown - 0.5 heating value of O2 blown
• 2) Oxygen blown - Much better for CO2 capture as flue gas is only CO2 and H2O

• 1) Low emissions
• 2) High efficiency
• 3) Best for CO2 capture
• 4) Can produce H2

• 1) PC can meet current standards
• 2) IGCC financing costs are higher
• 3) No reward for risk taking
• 4) Bottle neck construction
• 5) More project planning

• Simple cycle (36.4%)
• Combined cycle (52.7%)
• Co generation cycle (85.1%)
• Combined cycle with Cogen (89.3%)

• 1) In-situ carbon capture (oxygen firing and chemical looping)
• 2) Gasification systems (e.g. IGGC)

• Futuregen
• Annouced by bush in 2003
• in 2007 Mattoon Township
• in 2009 funding was pulled

• 1) Independent of wind direction
• 2) Low rotational speed (Torque up, Power down)
• 3) Mechanical components are on ground level for easy access.
• 4) Expensive tower is not required.

• 0.5926
• Theoretical maximum efficiency

• 2 blades (5)
• 4 blades (3)

**Efficiency increase with number of blades but noise increase with tip speed ^5

• Hub height - Height to middle of props
• Blade
• Gearbox and generator - Found in hub
• Swept blade area
• tower

• Cut in 7-10mph
• Cut out 45-80mph
• Rate speed 25-35mph (where design power is found)

• 1) Spillway - Release water downstream that is not used to make energy
• 2) Penstock - Collects water from upstream leading it to turbine
• 3) Draft tube - Passage directly below turbine
• 4) Tailrace - Passage from draft tube downstream
• 5) Surge tank - Reservoir that vents sudden pressure build up if required.
• 6) Intake - Leads to the penstock
• 7) Reservoir - Upstream water source

• 1) Reaction (Static pressure changes)
• Converts both flow and kinetic energy
• Axial flow - Kaplan
• Radial or mixed flow - Francis
• 2) Impulse (Static pressure is constant)
• Converts only kinetic energy
• Tangental bucket flow - Pelton

• 1) Very low head
• 2) High volume flow

• Axial Flow 7-14
• Mixed flow (Francis) 3.5-7
• Centrifugal or radial flow (Francis) 1-3.5
• Impulse (Pelton) 0-1

• 1) Typically produce up to 100kw power
• 2) 2000MW installed in Canada
• 3) 40 in NS supplying 11% of provincial capacity

Material extraction, Material Production, Product manufacture, Distribution, Retail, Use, Disposal

**There is also transportation throughout

• 1) Goal and scope definition
• 2) Inventory analysis
• 3) Impact assessment

• 1) Product development and improvement. (Product comparison)
• 2) Strategic planning (Product assessment)
• 3) Public policy making
• 4) Marketing (Eco-Labeling)

• 1) Product comparison
• 2) Product assement
• 3) Eco-labeling

• CH4 - 25
• N2O - 298
• HFC - 124-12800
• PFC 7000-12000