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An opening in the surface of the earth through which molten rock, gases, and rock fragments are forced out.
volcano
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A common farmer, trader or craft worker in ancient Rome.
plebeian
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A member of the noble families who controlled all power of the early years of the Roman Republic.
patrician
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A form of government in which citizens elect representatives to speak or act for them.
republic
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A person who is elected by citizens to speak or act for them.
representative
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The lawmaking body and most powerful branch of government in ancient Rome's republic.
Senate
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An elected leader of ancient Rome who represented the interests of the plebeians.
tribune
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One of two elected officials of the Roman Republic who commanded the army and was a supreme judge.
consul
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The earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450 B.C., that became the foundation of Roman law.
Twelve Tables
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A conflict between Rome and Carthage in the 200's B.C., ending in a victory for Rome.
Punic War
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An armed conflict between groups within one country.
civil war
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A ruler who has absolute power.
dictator
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A period of peace for the Roman Empire that began with the rule of Augustus in about 27 B.C., and lasted around 200 years.
Pax Romana
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