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Pallor
describe it and give its indication
- loss of color
- anemia or lack of blood flow
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cyanosis
describe it and give its indication
- bluish
- hypoxia or impaired venous return
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jaundice
describe it and give its indication
- yellow/oragne skin, sclera, and mucous membranes
- liver dysfunction, RBC destruction
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Erythmea
describe it and give its indication
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what is edema? how would you assess for it?
- presence of fluid in the tissues causing swollen, tight, and shiny skin surfaces
- swelling should be assessed for discoloration, location and tenderness
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how do you assess for pitting edema?
describe its 4 point scale.
- compress the skin for at elast 5 sec over a bony prominenece
- 1+: degree: 2mm-trace: rapid
- 2+: 4mm-mild: 10 to 15 sec
- 3+: 6mm-moderate: 1 to 2 mins
- 4+: 8mm-severe: 2 to 5 mins
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Describe and give me an example of a macule.
- nonpalpable, skin color change, <1 cm
- freckle
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Describe and give me an example of a papule.
- palpable, circumscribed, <0.5 cm
- elevated nevi
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Describe and give me an example of nodule/tumor.
- palpable, circumscribed, 0.5 cm or >
- wart
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Describe and give me an example of a vesicle.
- serous fluid-filled, <1cm
- blister
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Describe and give me an example of a pustule.
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Describe and give me an example of a wheal.
- palpable, irregular borders, edematous
- mosquito bite
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list all the primary lesions you can think of
- macule
- papule
- nodule/tumor
- vesicle
- pustule
- wheal
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list all the secondary lesions you can think of
- erosion
- crust
- scale
- fissure
- ulcer
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define a primary lesion
arise from healthy skin tissue
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define a secondary lesion
result from a change in a primary lession
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describe erosion and give me an example
- lost epidermis, moist surface, no bleeding
- ruptured vesicle
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describe crust and give me an example
- dried blood, serum, or pus
- scab
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describe scale and give me an example
- flakes of skin that exfoliate
- dandruff or psoriasis
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descirbe fissure and give me an example
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describe ulcer and give me an example
- loss of epidermis and dermis w/ possible bleeding and scarring
- venous stasis ulcer
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list some common skin lesions found in children
- diaper dermatitis
- intertrigo
- impetigo
- atopic dermatitis (eczema)
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list some common skin lessions found in adults
- primary contact dermatitis
- tinea pedis (ringworm of the foot)
- psoriasis
- labial herpes simplex (cold sores)
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list some common skin lessions found in older adults
- lentigines (liver spots)
- seborrheic keratosis
- acrochordons (skin tags)
- sabaceous hyperplasia
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define a vascular lesion
created w/ aging changes or when damage occurs to the blood vessels in or near the skin
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list as many vascular lesions as you can think of
- spider angioma
- cherry angioma
- spider vein
- petechia/purpura
- ecchymosis
- hematoma
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Describe a spider angioma
red center w/ radiating legs that are red, up to 2 cm, and can be raised
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describe cherry angioma
red, 1-3cm, round, and can be raised
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describe a spider vein
bluish, spider-shaped or may be linear, with up to several inches in size
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describe petechia/purpura
deep reddish purple, flat, petechia= 1-3 mm, purpura >3mm
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describe ecchymosis
puple fading to green or yellow over time, variable in size and flat
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describe hematoma
raised ecchymosis
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a client presents to the clinic wanting a lesion on his neck evaluated. List the assessments that should be documented about hte lesion
- location
- size
- shpae
- color
- consistency
- presence of fluid/drainage
- elevation
- tenderness
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which of the following lesion characteristics indicates the need for further assessment?
C. bleeds easily
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