-
drugs that stimulate the respiratory center of the brain and cardiovascular system
analeptics
-
drugs used to treat children with ADHD
amphetamines
-
drugs used to suppress the appetite
anorexiants
-
analeptics action:
- increases the depth of respiration by:
- stimulating chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries and upper aorta
-
most widely used CNS stimmulants is
caffeine
-
analeptics that is used to treat narcolepsy
- armodafinil: nuvigil
- modafinil: provigil
-
_____________ are sympathomimetic drug sthat stimulate CNS
amphetamines
-
amphetamines results in:
- elevation of BP
- wakefulness
- increase or decrease heart rate
-
a condition successfully treated by amphetamines
ADHD
-
anorexiants are _______ and pharmacologically similar to amphetamines
nonamphetamine drug
-
anorexiants have the ability to ___________
suppress appetite
-
caffeine use:
- fatigue
- drowsiness
- respiratory depression
- adjunct in analgesic formulation
-
amphetamine/ dextroamphetamine trade name:
adderall
-
amphetamine/ adderall use:
-
amphetamines adverse reaction:
- insomnea
- nervousness
- headache
- tachycardia
- anorexia
- dizziness
- excitement
-
methylphenidate trade name:
- concerta
- ritalin
- metadate
- methylin
- daytrana (transdermal patch)
-
dextroamphetamine trade name:
-
-
-
methylphenidate adverse reaction:
- insomnia
- anorexia
- dizziness
- headache
- abdominal pain
-
phendimetrazine trade name:
bontril
-
phendimetrazine use:
obesity
-
adverse reaction:
- insomnia
- nervouseness
- headache
- palpitaion
- tachycardia
- dry mouth
- dizziness
- excitement
-
CNS stimulants are contraindicated in patients with:
- hypersensitivity
- convulsive disorders
- ventilation disorder (COPD)
-
CNS stimulants are not to be administered to patients with:
- cardiac problems
- hypertension
- hyperthyroidism
-
____________ and ___________ should not be taken concurrently or within 14 days of antidepressant medication
-
_________ and ________ have abuse and addiction potential
-
when CNS stimulant is prescribed for respiratory depression, it is important that the nurse must:
note the depth and pattern of respiratory rate
-
when amphetamine is prescribed for ADHD the nurse must:
observe various patterns of abnormal behavior
-
after administering an analeptic,the nurse monitors:
- respiratory rate and pattern
- LOC
- BP
- pulse
-
after adminestering analeptic, BP and pulse rate is checked every:
- 5 to 15 minutes
- or as ordered
-
when CNS stimulants causes insomnia the nurse will:
- administer the drug early in the morning
- encourage not to take nap in middle of the day
-
when CNS stimulants are administered, VS are checked every
6 to 8 hours
-
______________ may be worsened in older adults when CNS stimulants are taken
cardiovascular disorders
-
when analeptic drug is used, when must the oxygen be administered?
- before
- during
- after---administration
-
use of analeptic drug enhances breathing pattern without:
changing the effect of opiod
-
in ADHD amphetamines are administered :
- in the morning 30-45 minutes before breakfast and before lunch
- dont give drug in late afternoon
-
a specific pathologic changes occur in the cortex of the brain which involves degeneration of nerves
Alzheimer's Disease
-
three stages of Alzheimer's Disease:
-
__________ stage is typically the longest stage of Alzheimer's
middle
-
one of the most debilitating sysmptoms of AD and this involves a decrease in cognitive functioning
Dementia
-
____________ are approved to treat mild to moderate dementia caused by AD
cholinesterase inhibitors
-
cholinesterase act to:
- increase level of acetylcholine in the central nervous system
- ( by inhibiting itas breakdown and slowing neural destruction.)
-
cholinesterase use:
to treat early and moderate stages of dementia d/t AD
-
ginseng is also known as:
king of herbs
-
the primary use of ginseng is:
to improve energy and mental performance
-
Ginseng is contraindicated in individuals with:
- hypertension
- during pregnancy
-
Gingko use:
- to improve memory and brain function
- enhance circulation to the brain, hear, limbs
-
gingko contraindications:
- Pt's taking:
- MAOIs
- anticoagulants
-
abrupt dc of tacrine may cause:
a decline in cognitive functioning
-
a group of symptoms involving motor movement
Parkinsonism
-
most common of parkinsonism
Parkinson's Disease
-
Parkinson's Disease S/SX:
- slurred speech
- mask-like face
- difficulty chewing or swallong
- unsteady gait
- shuffled gait
- upper body bent forward
-
drugs used to treat sx associated with parkinsonism are called
antiparkinsonism
-
blood-brain barrier
a meshwork of tightly packed cells in the walls of the brain's cappilaries that screen out certain substances
-
___________ with __________ allows more levodopa to reach the brain and permits drug to have better pharmacologic effect
-
amantadine trade name:
symmentrel
-
amantadine/ symmentrel use:
- Parkinson's disease
- prevention and treatment of influenza A infection
- drug induced EPS
-
-
carbidopa/levodopa use:
parkinson's disease
-
benzotropin trade name:
cogetin
-
benzotropin/cogetin use:
- parkinso n's disease
- drug induced EPS
-
entacapone trade name:
comtan
-
entacapone/comtan use:
adjunct to levodopa in parkinson's disease
-
dopamine receptor agonist administration:
- not to be taken P.O.
- by transdermal patch
-
dopaminergic use:
- TX s/sx of parkinson's disease
- viral infections
-
most serious adverse reaction of levodopa:
- choreiform movements
- dystonic movements
-
involuntray muscular twitching of the limbs or facial muscle
choreiform
-
muscular spasms most often affecting the tongue, jaw, eyes and neck
dystonic movements
-
levodopa contraindications:
- patients with glaucoma
- patient with unusual skin lesions
-
pt's are screened for unusual skin lesions beofre taking levodopa because:
levodopa can activate malignant melanoma
-
foods high in ______ reduce efect of levodopa
pyridoxine/ B6
-
when levodopa is combined with _________ b6 has no effect on action of levodopa
carbidopa
-
cholonergic blocking drug action:
block ACh, which enhances dopamine transmission
-
cholinergic blocking drug use:
- adjunct therapy in all forms of parkinsonism
- in the control of drug indiced extraplyramidal disorder
-
individuals of ____ of age frequently develops increased sensitivity to anticholinergic drugs.________ dose may be requiered
-
failure of the muscles of the lower esophagus to relax, causing difficulty swallowing)
achalasia
-
COMT use:
adjunct to levodopa/carbidopa
-
COMT action:
thought to prolong effect of levodopa by blocking an enzyme COMT which eliminates dopamine
-
COMT use:
adjunct to levodopa/ carbidopa
-
dopamine receptor agonist action:
- not fully understood
- mimicking effect of dopamine in the brain
-
dopamine receptor agonist adverse reaction:
- nausea
- dizziness
- abnormal involuntary movements
-
Neuromuscular Evaluation observes for the ff:
- hand tremors
- masklike expression
- speech pattern
- drooling
- changes in thought process
- changes in walking
- ability to carry out ADLs
-
do not abruptly discontinue use of the ______________ drugs, a _________ may occur.
- antiparkinsonism
- neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome
-
a sudden involuntary contraction of the muscles of the body, often accompanied by loss of consiousness
convulsion
-
periodic distuirbances of the brains electrical activity
seizure
-
permanent recurrent seizure disorder
epilepsy
-
most common type of epileptic seizure
partial seizures
-
seizure that arise in localized area in the brain ans cause specific symptoms
partial seizure
-
seizure that involves loss of consiousness
generalized seizures
-
___________ seizures include alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles, loss consiousness, and abnormal behavior
tonic-clonic seizures
-
involves sudden forceful contractions of single or multiple groups of muscles
myclonic seizure
-
anticonvulsants are:
drugs used to manage seizure disorders
-
categories of anticonvulsants:
- hydantoins
- carboxylic acid derivatives
- succinimides
- oxazolidinediones
- barbiturates
- benzodiazepines
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