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What is the respiratory system?
path for gas exchange between external environment and blood
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path
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
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alveoli
O2 is exchanged for CO2
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breathing - diaphram
diaphram contracts
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What tells the diaphragm to contract?
medulla oblongata
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what type of muscle is the diaphragm?
skeletal muscle
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contracted diaphram and chest cavity
when diaphram contracts, chest cavity expands
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pressure in contracted diaphram
negative gauge pressure
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nasal cavity function
filters, moistens and warms incoming air
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what filters?
hair traps dust particles
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what moistens?
mucus
(also traps smaller dust particles)
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what warms the air?
capillaries
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what then happens to the mucus?
cilia moves it back to pharynx, so it can be spit or swallowed
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pharynx function
passageway
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larynx function
voice box
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what prevents food from entering trachea?
epiglottis
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trachea splits into.....
right and left bronchi
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bronchi branch off into
brionchioles
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alveolus
oxygen diffuses into capillary
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What happens after oxygen is in the capillary?
oxygen is taken to red blood cells
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What do the RBC do in response?
release CO2 which diffuses into alveolus
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Fate of that CO2?
expelled upon exhilation
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O2 and CO2 diffusion
O2 diffuses into capillaries
CO2 diffuse out into alveoli
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What happens to the O2 in the blood?
binds (reversibly) with hemoglobin
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what does O2 and hemoglobin form?
oxyhemoglobin
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structure of hemoglobin
4 polypeptide subunits
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what's at the center
Fe -
attach to an organic molecule
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How many Fe atoms in hemoglobin, and how many can bind to an O2 molecule?
4 Fe atoms
each attach to 1 O2 molecule
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as O2 pressure increases, how does that affect O2 saturation of hemoglobin?
increases sigmodially
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What shifts curve to the right?
- 1. increase in CO2 pressure
- 2. [H+]
- 3. increase temperature
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What does a shift to the right mean?
lowering hemoglobin affinity for O2
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Does O2 or CO2 have more affinity for hemoglobin?
CO2
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O2 pressure in body tissue
40 mmHg
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diffusion of O2 and CO2 between blood and tissues
O2 diffuses to tissues
CO2 diffuses to blood
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How is CO2 carried in the blood? (in what form)
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How is CO2 + H2O -> HCO3- + H+
carbonic anhydrase
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carbonic anhydrase is where in the blood?
it's inside red blood cells (not in plasma)
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what diffuses in and out?
HCO3- diffuses into the cell
Cl- moves out of cell to balance out
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hyperventilation = loss of CO2
decreases carbonic acid
increase in pH
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitor does what?
decreases rate of gas exchange
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cell respiration does what to blood pH
releases CO2
lowers blood pH
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capillary action during exercise
capillaries dilate to deliver more O2 to tissues
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if [CO2] is greater in tissues than alveoli
partial pressure of CO2 closer to tissue
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