oral pathology quiz 1

marked decrease in the number of granulocytes, particularly neutrophils

lack of development

small flat hemorrhagic patch on the skin or mucous membrane--bruise

the volume percentage of RBCs in whole blood

chemical substance produced in the body that has a specific regulatory effect on certain cells or organs

excess of glucose in the blood

deficiency of phosphates in the blood

accumulation of acid in the body resulting from the accumulation of ketone bodies

decreased number of neutrophils in the blood

parathyroid hormone

disc shaped structure found in blood; for blood coagulation

blood disorder characterized by purplish or brownish red discolorations caused by bleeding into the skin or tissues

platelet

reductions of the number of RBCs quantity of hemoglobin, or volume of packed RBCs

formation of a clot

insoluble protein that is essential to the clotting of blood

release of hemoglobin from RBCs by destruction of the cells

enlargement of the liver

excess of calcium in the blood

hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates glucose metabolism and is a major fuel regulating hormone

RBC that is smaller than normal

abnormal rarefaction of bone

minute red spot on the skin or mucosa caused by the escape of a small amount of blood

increase in the total RBC mass in the blood

enlargement of the spleen

decrease in the number of platelets in circulating blood

stoppage or cessation of bleeding

muscle pain

-excess hormone production by the anterior pituitary gland.
-caused most by a benign tumor that produces growth hormone (pituitary adenoma)
-gigantism
-acromegaly
-macroglossia

an increase in growth hormone production

hypersecretion of growth hormone

patients have a thickened tongue

-aka:"thyrotoxicosis"
-excessive production of thyroid hormone
-more common in women
-causes: hyperplasia of the gland, benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid, pituitary gland disease, metastic tumors
-clinically: rosy complexion, erythema of the palms, excessive sweating, fine hair, exopthalmus
-oral: premature exfoliation in children, osteoporosis and affects alveolar bone, decay and perio disease, burning tongue

protrustion of the eyeballs

-decreased output of thyroid hormone
-cretinism
-myxedema
-synthroid used for underscretion

hypothyroidism present during infancy and childhood

hypothyroidism present in older children and adults

-excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
-PTH plays an important role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism
-characterized by: elevated blood levels of calcium, low levels of blood phosphorus, abnormal bone metablism
-most common cause: parathroid adeonma

elevated blood levels of calcium

low levels of blood phosphorus

benign tumor of parathyroid gland

-involoves the beta cells of the pancreas
-chronic disorder of glucose metabloism that is characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels
-production of ketone acid from the breakdown of fatty tissues is life threatening
-this causes the blood ph to be lowered

chronic disorder of glucose metabloism that is characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels

types of diabetes

-autoimmunity leads to the destruction of insulin producing beta cells leading to insulin deficiency
- 5-10& of all diabetes patients
-onset is usually at 20 years
-3 ps: polydipsia,polyuria,polyghagia
-major problem for patients with IDDM is controlling blood glucose levels
-glucose controlled by multiple injections of insulin

excessive thirst and fluid intake

excessive urination

excessive appetite

-increased insulin resistance
-90% of all diabetes patients are this type
-onset usually in their 40s
-obseity is common
-complications are less common
-control blood glucose with diet and weight reduction
-oral medications to lower blood glucose levels
-25-30% of patients with type 2 require insulin injections

-vascular system is the most severely affected
-increased risk for antherosclerosis
-decreased resistance of infection is seen
-poor wound healing

-candidasis
-xerostomia
-accentuated response to plaque
-ginigiva can be hyperplastic and erythematous
-periodontal disease,mobility,early tooth loss
-slow wound healing-increased susceptibility to infection
-ABC medication, calculus and plaque removal, and effective oral hygiene care as especially important in the management of diavetic patients

-aka primary adrenal cortical insufficiency
-characterized by an insufficient production of adrenal steroids
-a malignant tumor or TB may be responsible for destruction of the adrenal gland

disease characterized by the replacement of bone with abnormal fibrous CT containing calcifications

-most common form characterized by involvement of only bone
-maxilla affected more than mandible
-ribs,femur, and tibia affected
-common in young children n young adults

-involvement of more than one bone
-more common in children-females
-bones of face, skull, clavicles, and long bones
-skin lesions
-most severe form is albrights syndrome

skin lesions

menses,pubic hair,and breast development by two years of age

-aka osteitis deformans
-chronic metabolic disease characterized by resorption, osteoblastic, repair, remineralization, of the involved bone
-older men 50s
-maxilla more commonly affected
-enlargement of bone

-disease of bone caused by deficiency of calcium over a long period
-in young children-caused by nutritional deficiency of vitamin d-rickets