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What is the definition of Naive T-cell?
Never seen antigen
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What is the function of Th1 cells?
provide immunity for exogenous microbes in phagosomes in phagosomes
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What is the function of CTLs (Tc)?
provide immunity for endogenous microbes within the cytoplasm
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What is the function of Th2 cells?
provide immunity against exogenous helminths and allergies
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Overall, do T-cells attack intracellular or extracellular microbes?
intracellular
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What MHC molecules are required to present antigen to Th and Tc cells?
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Why are APCs effective at activating Naive T-cells?
- They constituitively produce B7 and MHC
- ** Macrophages must be activated by IFN-gamma to produce these, so they work best after activation of T-cells
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What is Anergy?
- When the second signal, B7 to CD28, is not available
- T-cell goes through apoptosis
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After the second step of T-cell activation, what motifs are produced in the T-cell nucleus?
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What is the role of the three motifs produced from active T-cells?
Produce IL-12
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How can you use T-cells to attack a tumor?
- Remove TIL (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) from tumor
- Add IL-12 exogenously
- reintroduce Active T-cells into tumor
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What is the function of cyclosporin and Tacrolimus?
- Inhibit T-cell activation
- * They bind calcineurin which will bind NFAT and inhibit production of IL-12
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What are the three effector T-cells and their functions?
- Th1: cell-mediated immunity
- Th2: humoral immunity (activate B-cells)
- Th17: inflammation and microbial defense
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What are the two Autocrines in T-cell activation/proliferation?
IL-2 and IL-4
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What are five cells that Th1 cells activate?
- NK cells
- PMNs
- Macrophages
- Tc
- B-cells for opsonization (IgG)
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What Cytokines are produced from Th2 cells?
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What are the roles of Th2 cells?
- Humoral immunity
- Activate non-opsonizing B-cells
- Helminth/allergin affects from Mast Cells / Eiosinophils
- inhibit macrophages (IL-4, IL-13)
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Why is an abundance of Th2 cells dangeroud?
IL-10 inhibits macrophages
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What are the two pathways of CTL attack?
- 1) Degranulation: insert perforin to create a pore for granzymes
- 2) Fas-FasL: all nucleated cells produce Fas. When a CTL recognizes the MHCI antigen, then FasL will bind to Fas and cause degranulation
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