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List the characteristics that combine to define animals
most are ___
____cellular
Lack ___ ___, instead ...
Have ____ ___ and ____ _____ which is unque to animals.
- Most animals are heterotrophs (ingest their food)
- Multicellular
- Lack cell walls, instead held together by structual proteins like collagen
- Have NERVOUS tisssue and MUSCLE tissue UNIQUE to animals
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Animal reproduction is mostly ________ and____ is the dominate lifescycle stage
List the steps and processes of development
- 1. Sperm and eggs (fertilization)
- 2. zygote
- 3. cleavage
- 4. blastula with blastocoel
- 5. gastrualation
- 6. Gastrula forms with a blastocoel, blastopore, endoderm, ectoderm, archenteron
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Ectoderm
germ layer covering the embryo's surface; in some phyla gives rise to the central nervous system
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endoderm
innermost germ layer, and lines the developing digestive tube, called the archenteron and also gives rise to the liver, pancreas and lungs
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2 kinds of animals
- diploblastic -have ecto and endo (cnidarians -jellies and corals)
- triploblastic- includes mesoderm layer; includes all bilaterians
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triploblastic animals that posses a " ___" ____ derived from the MESODERM are called ____.
- True body cavity or coelom
- coelomates
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Triploblastic animals that form a body cavity from meso and endoerm layers are said to be ________
pseudocoelomates
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Triploblastic animals that do not have a body cavity are called
acoelomates
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Protostome development and examples
- mouth froms from the blastopore
- cleavage is spiral (not lined up) and determinate
- splitting of solid masses of mesoderm froms the coelom
example: molluscs, annelids
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Deuterostome development and examples
- asshole forms from blastopore
- cleavage is radial and indeterminate (each cell can develop into complete embryo)
- mesoderm buds from the wall of the archenteron to form the coelom
example: chordates, echinoderms
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In ____ development, the splitting of the solid masses of mesoderm froms the coelom
protostome
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In____ development, the mesoderm buds from the wall of the archenteron to form the coelom
deuterostome
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Points of agreement on animal phylogeny
- 1. All animals share a common ancestor
- 2. Sponges are basal animals
- 3. Eumetazoa is a clade of animals with true tissues
- 4. Most animal phyla belong to the clade Bilaterieans
- 5. Chordates and some other phyla belong to the clade Deuterostomia
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The morphology-based tree divides ______ into two clades: ____ and _____
- bilaterians
- deuterostomes and protostomes
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Recent molecular studies indicates three bilaterian clades;
Deuterostomia, Ecdysozoa, and Lophotrochozoa
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Ecdysozoans shed their exoskeletons through a process called ____
ecdysis
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Some lophotrochozoans have a feeding structure called a _____?
lophophore
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member of a group of animal phyla identified as a clade by molecular evidence ; many are molting animals
- ecdysozoans
- ex: arthropods, nematodes
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Member of a group of animal phyla identified as a clade by molecular evidence; organisms that have lophophore (brachiopods) or trochophore larvae (molluscs and annelids)
lophotrochozoans
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trocophore larvae
- distinctive larvae stage in molluscs and annelids
- Clade: lophotrochozoans
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