AP HuG Models

Description
1) Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790-1830)
2) Iron Horse Epoch (1830-70)
3) Steel-Rail Epoch (1870-1920)
4) Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920-70)5) High Technology Epoch (1970-today)

Impotance/Notes
Uses transportation advances as key to development of Urban areas

Descripition
Stage 1 forest-fallow Stage 2 bush-fallow Stage 3 fallow shortens Stage 4 annual cropping Stage 5 multi-cropping – from extensive to intensive

Importance/Notes
Population growth forces an increase in technology in farming industry to meet the need.
Formalized the transition form extensive subsistence forms of agriculture to more intensive cultivation – increased productivity counters loss of fertility

Descripition
grows out from CBD 5 zones CBD, transition – industry/poor housing, stable working class, middle class, commuter zone – suburbs
Based on Bid-rent the idea that land values are highest in the centre of a town or city. This is because competition is high in the central parts of the settlement. This leads to high-rise, high-density buildings being found near the CBD, with low-density, sparse developments on the edge of the town or city Invasion and Succession

Importance/Notes

Chicago

Discripition
Urban Hierarchy, Range, Threshold, Low Order Good, High Order Good
Hexagon shape – trade areas

1) threshold -- the minimum
market needed to bring a firm
or city selling goods and services
into existence and to keep it in
business2) range -- the average maximum
distance people will travel to
purchase goods and services
Importance/Notes

Spatial distribution of Hamlets, Villages, Towns and Cities.

Descripition
Multiple Nuclei model – modern cities develop with many nodes. Cities within cities.

Importance/Notes
Many city centers

Descripition
Types of boundaries - 1. Antecedent,- drawn before populated 2. Superimposed- doesn’t take into account existing ethnic groups, 3. Subsequent,- drawn after populated 4. Relict

Description
(better/more efficient production has opened new markets and brought places closer) is similar to Space-Time Convergence (reduction of the importance of distance)

Importance/Notes

Capitalism has accelerated the pace of life.
Compression - EG. Tokyo’s stock market impacts on Toronto.Convergence – EG. Airplane brings people closer together than before

Descripition
sectors, not rings, certain areas more attractive – as city grows expands outward –
Transportation Routes Important
factories/industry zone, radiate out from the CBD. This is probably following the line of a main road or a railway.

High-income areas along fashionable boulevards or rail lines, water, high ground and far from industry
Industry radiates along river or rail lines
Low-income radiates near industry
Middle-income radiates between low and high income sectors

Importance/Notes
Refinement of concentric zone theory
1939 – Land Economist

Describe
Every country has a ‘Primate City’ (a city that dominates in economics, social factors and politics)Rank Size Rule – 2nd largest city is ½ the size of the Primate city, 3rd largest city is 1/3 the size of the Primate city and so on.

Information/Notes
“The law of the Primate City”

Describe
• Recognized the core position of Russia in the Asian landmass and anticipated conflict between Russian (land) and British (sea) power
• Mahan argued that control of the seas (lanes and access) would lead to global military domination.

Describe
Agglomeration/Spatial Influence –
Manufacturing plants choose locations where they can maximize profit.

Zone of Profitability

Describe
Geo-Political thought – explains why NATO and the WARSAW pact existed – control of Eastern Europe.

Heartland – Eastern Europe and Russia

Information/notes

1. Who rules Eastern Europe commands the Heartland2. Who rules the Heartland commands the World Island
3. Who rules the World Island commands the World

Describe
Population growth relating to Food supply
1. Food grows Arithmetically (1,2,3,4,5)2. Population grows Exponentially (1,2,4,8,16) 3. Population Checks

Information/Notes
Neo-Malthusians – R. Kaplan, T.F. Homer-Dixon – look at Africa Critics - E. Boserup, S. Kuznets, J. Simon, F. Engels – More people more growth, Science will find a way, distribution of wealth etc.

Describe
Land Use in Southeast Asian cities. Old colonial port cities surrounded by a new commercial district with no formal CBD.

Information/Notes
EG. Manila, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur.Western commercial Zone and Alien (Asian ) commercial zone

Describe
nations act like living organisms – must grow and will eventually decline

Social Darwinism

11 of them) – Most migrants travel only a short distance.
• Migrants traveling long distances usually settle in urban areas.
• Most migration occurs in steps.
• Most migration is rural to urban.
• Each migration flow produces a movement in the opposite direction ("counterflow").
• Most migrants are adults.
• Most international migrants are young males, while more internal migrants are female.
• Economic motives dominate migration
• Urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas.
• Families are less likely to make international moves than young adults.
• Gender studies of migration indicate that men are more mobile, migrate farther, and have more employment choices and income than women.

5 Stages of Economic Development – 1. Traditional Society 2. Pre-conditions to Take-off (primary sector) 3. Take-off (industry) 4. Maturity 5. Mass Consumption etc.

Capitalistic Model
Based on UK