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the study of parasites. parasites are different organisms that live in animals, feeding on tissues or body fluids or competing directly for the animals food.
parasitology
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soft, well formed, watery (diarrhea) or very hard
consistency of feces
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present or not present
blood, mucous, parasites should be recorded as ...
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within 8 hours. keep refrigerated. old samples, parasites can become distorted or unrecognizable or hatch out in warm weather
age of feces
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direct smear
inaccurate because its a small amount, used for IDing Giardia, Coccidia and detecting protozoans
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higher specific gravity than water
parasite eggs are too heavy to float in water, to make the eggs float you must use a liquid that has a...
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No Eggs Observed (NEO)
when no parasite eggs are seen record as...
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dry and crystalize
fecal solution will.... if coverslip is left on too long
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giardia and protozoans
centrifugation is good for recovering...
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larger amount of fecal
good at recovering eggs in general
excellent for giardia and coccidia
sedimentation advantages
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lives in small intestine of dogs only. have a thick, ruffled edge shells. black nucleus in fresh stool.
Toxocara canis...roundworm...nematode
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lives in small intestine in cats only. also have thick, ruffled edge shells. black nucleus in fresh stool.
Toxocara cati...roundworm...nematode
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lives in the small intestine of both cats and dogs. the adult is large, yellow white worm. looks like spaghetti. normally seen in young animals only. smooth shell with single central nucleus.
Toxascaris leonina...roundworm...nematode
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means can occur in more than one species
spp.
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found in both cats and dogs of small intestine. they attach themselves and suck blood. the egg contents are divided into 2-8 cells and surrounded by a thin smooth shell
Ancylostoma spp....hookworm...nematode
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hookworm of cats and dogs that is usually seen in colder climate regions. the egg is slightly longer than Ancylostoma spp.
Uncinaria stenocephala...hookwork...nematode
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The whipworm of dogs. Lives in the large intestine and cecum. They are football shaped and have two bipolar plugs. The shell is yellowish brown and smooth, and the contents are brown. HEAVY eggs. can cause mucus in stool. LONG LIFE CYCLE
Trichuris vulpis...whipworm...nematode
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Trichuris suis...whipworm...nematode
The whipworm of swine, has eggs similar in shape and only slightly smaller than those of Trichuris vulpis
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Trichuris campanula, Trichuris serrata
Whipworm of cats, very rare
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Dipylidium caninum...tapeworms...cestodes
This is the flea tapeworm of dogs and cats. The eggs are found in packets containing 1-30 eggs. Flea is the intermediate host
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Taenia spp...tapeworms...cestodes
tapeworm of dogs and cats transmitted by rodents. Small brown eggs which contain three pairs of hooks and surrounded by a shelf in which many lines can be seen
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Gravid proglottids (individual segment) can be put on slide and smashed with saline and coverslip to identify species of tapeworm
used to determine what type of tapeworm
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Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis
two types of cestodes, tapeworms
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hydatid cyst tapeworm now rarely seen in dogs, foxes and cats
Echinococcus granulosus
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Cat, fox and other canids are the definitive host. Rodent is the intermediate host. Adults of E. multilocularis are smaller than E. granulosus. Eggs are 40 microns in diameter
Echinococcus multilocularis...tapeworms...cestodes
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Has an operculum and yellowish brown and filled with undeveloped contents. Uncommon in the USA, seen in dogs and cats
Diphyllobothrium latum...tapeworm...cestodes
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the tapeworm of dogs, cats and foxes that is rarely seen
Mesocestoides variabilis...tapeworm...cestodes
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coccidia of dog and cat. These are single organisms that live in the small intestine. in fresh stool the oocysts appear as a single, undivided sphere. oocysts containing two small spheres may be seen also
Isospora spp...coccidia...protozoa
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coccidia seen in dogs, cats, pigs and sheep. most commonly seen in the pig and sheep
Eimeria...coccidia...protozoa
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coccidia of cats only. is very similar in appearance to Isospora spp
Toxoplasma gondii...coccidia...protozoa
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coccidia
can cause birth defects with pregnant women
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it is a protozoan seen in dogs and cats which lives in the small intestine. will cause diarrhea in dogs mainly. best way to identify giardia is with a direct smear or by the centrifugal flotation method. they are very small and must use 40x to identify them. they will fluoresce a blue green metallic color. looks like they have two pear shaped eyes. WHEN ANIMALS DRINK STANDING WATER. HUMANS GET THIS TOO
Giardia spp...protozoa
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seen in avian species. lives in their crop. oval shape, stains blue with a red center
Trichomonas spp...protozoa
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heartworm, transmitted by mosquitos, straight tail and and cranial end tapers to a point. coil and uncoil on the slide
Dirofilaria immitis
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fake heartworm, transmitted by the flea, live in subcutaneous tissue, blunt cranial end and hooked tail. snake like movement on the slide
Acanthocheilonema reconditum
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antigen test
testing for proteins produced by the adult heartworms. for dogs
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antibody test
antibody test that detects the host's antibody response to the adult heartworms
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Ctenocephalides canis
dog flea
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Ctenocephalides felis
dog and cat flea
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Dermacentor spp.
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
ticks
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Otodectes cynotis
ear mites
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Demodex, Sarcoptes scabiei, Psoroptes spp, Notoedres cati, Cheyletiella spp
mange mites
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