preventive exam4

what are the major glands?

elaborates a serous (watery, mucous poor) fluid containing electrolytes, but is relatively low in organic substances

has both a serous and mucous secretion

has a greater proportion of mucous output than the other major glands

what are the minor glands?

salivary glands empty onto the lining mucous membrane of the mouth in many places; on the palate, under

within the oral cavity, there is the protective umbrella of the body’s immune system-

is cell-mediated and consists of the phagocytic and lymphoid elements involved in preventing infection. The secretory system

mainly protects mucous membranes with secretions of antibodies, such as sIgA

Two other defense mechanisms are

the ability to resist routine daily challenges of physical and bacterial agents and to repair limited amounts of tissue damage typical of the wear and tear of daily life

The physical and chemical protective functions of saliva can be divided into five convenient categories:

how much is unstimulated or resting saliva is from the submandibular glands

below 0.7mL/minute, the condition qualifies as

Saliva flow may be stimulated by?

The three most encountered xerogenics causing the most severe, long-term xerostomic effects are the

The protective functions of saliva are due to its?

The most easily understood antibacterial function is performed by the secreted??that trap ? which are eventually swallowed.

Four important antimicrobial proteins found in saliva are:

To reduce the potential of demineralization, it is necessary to:

is the repair of enamel rod structure following acidogenic episodes.

Following eruption, the missing ions are supplied from the saliva, a process termed

is not irreversible or inevitably progressive

can be defined as a carbohydrate-modified transmissible local infection with saliva as a critical regulator.

certain strains of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli are highly cariogenic. The former group plays an active

•In fact, it has been suggested that children are most susceptible for mutans streptococci colonization between 19 and 31 months of age, a so-called “window of infectivity”. This is mainly explained by a combination of frequent and close maternal contacts

At food intake, the accumulated plaque is fed with carbohydrates.
This is a very common side-effect of fixed orthodontic appliances

Once a mutans streptococci- and lactobacilli is established in the oral cavity, there is a risk for future caries development.It is however a general misunderstanding that the disease is an inevitable result of the colonization.

When applied on populations, the caries-risk procedure is termed

inflammation of the marginal gingival without any loss of the epithelial attachment.
–*gingival changes from a pale pink to red
–*contour becomes edematous
–*bleeding on probing or toothbrushing

inflammation of the marginal gingival with a loss of the epithelial attachment, plus irreversible damage to any of the other three remaining components of the periodontium, i.e., the cementum, alveolar bone, and the periodontal ligament.

All periodontitis begins with gingivitis

described as a measurement of 4mm or greater using a periodontal probe. (4-6 mm- gray area, depends on epithelial attachment loss)

when the free gingival margin recedes apically along with the epithelial attachment as well as the underlying alveolar bone.

what are some types of species of bacteria that may contribute to the onset of gingivitis and periodontitis.

gingiva has a ?? appearance with ? edges after years of smoking. Bleeding is minimal on brushing.