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A _______ ______ is an aquatic organism hat sifts small food particles from the water. i.e. whales, clams, tube worm
suspension feeder
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A ________ ______is an organism that lives in or on its food source, eating its way through the food. i.e. caterpillars, earthworms
substrate feeder
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A _______ ______ is an organism that lives by sucking nutrient-rich fluids from another living organism. i.e. aphids, mosquitos
fluid feeder
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A ________ _______ is an organism that eats relatively large pieces of food. i.e. herons, humans
bulk feeder
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4 stages of food processing
1ststage: Ingestion is the act of eating. (4 ways to do this)
2ndstage: Digestion breaks down food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb.
3rdstage: Absorption is the uptake of small nutrient molecules, such as amino acids and simple sugars. The cells lining the digestive tract absorb the products of digestion; the nutrients,which travel in the blood to body cells to provide energy. Foodnot needed immediately are converted to fat for storage.
4thstage: Elimination is the passing of undigested material out of the digestive compartment.
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A __________ _______ is a digestive compartment with a single opening, the mouth. Food is ingested through the mouth and elimination of undigested materials is through the mouth. i.e. hydr
gastrovascular cavity
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Most animals have an _____ _____ which is a digestive tract with two openings, the mouth and the anus, plus a tube/ specialized compartmentconnecting the two
alimentary canal,
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The _______ moves air from the pharynx to the lungs.
The _________moves food from the pharynx to the stomach.
The _______ is a flap of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue.
The _______ is the voicebox with vocal cords
trachea (windpipe)
esophagus
epiglottis
larynx
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Alternating waves of contraction and relaxation by smooth muscle in the walls of the canal move food along in a process called ______
peristalsis
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Too much acidity in the stomach inhibits the release of gastrin. This is a ________ _____ mechanism b/c the secretion of gastrin hormone is inhibited by too much product from the secretion of gastrin hormone.
negative feedback
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_______ is the mixture of partially digested food & digestive juices that is formed in the stomach. thick soup
Chyme
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The ______ _______regulates the passage of food (now chyme) from the stomach to the small intestine and limits the upward movement of acids into the esophagus
pyloric sphincter
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_______ ______ secrete pepsinogen which is secreted into the lumen. HCl converts pepsinogen to pepsin. Pepsin activates more pepsinogen.
Chief cells
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HCl converts pepsinogen to pepsin. Pepsin activates more pepsinogen. This is a ________ _______ mechanisms b/c the end product, pepsin, promotes the formation of more pepsin.
positive feedback
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The liver and pancreas are 2 organs that contribute to digestion in the small intestine, mostly in the first 25 cm called the __________
duodenum
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