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Chapter 25 Global Crisis
Nations with struggling economic turn to Totalitarianism(one person who has full control of a nation)
- Totalitarianism
- Germany (Nazi+Hitler)
- Italy (Facist+Mussolini)
- Japan (Military+Hirohito)
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U.S foreign policy grows increasingly isolationist
1921-Disarmament Treaty
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1929-Kellogg Briand Pact(no longer use war to settle disputes)
1931-Japan invades Manchuria and then the rest of China
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U.S. and the league of nations
-condemed attack
-quarantined(no longer traded) Japan
-had no real effect
-US begin suppling China
1935-Italy invade Ethopia-little international intervention
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British and French try to maintain power balance in Ethopia through the Appeasement Policy!
Nazi Soviet Nonaggression Pact
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Sept.1,1939-Germans invade Poland during the year of 1939-Germany blitzkreig controls Europe
US begins Cash & Carry Policy
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1940-France invaded by Germany and defeated
- British holding on during Battle of Britian
- -Lend Lease Act
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World War 2
-1941-1945
Dec,7,1941-Japanse attack American naval fleet at Pearl Harbor
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May & June 1942-US ends Japanse expansionism-Coral Sea Midway
-has underetimated US resolve
-military industy didnt destroy US carriers
August 1942-US begins "island hopping" campaign at Guadalcanal
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War At Home
-Ended the Great Depression-Spending increased
-Gross National Product= 166 Billion
-unemployment-0%
-women and elderly work
-wages doubled
-Office of Price Administration-control inflation
-rations necessary products
-payed for by-increased income tax
-war bands
- -America unfied by propaganda
- -Prejudice and fear of sabotage led to Japanese Internment
- -War recloation authority placed 100,000 Japanese Americans in international camps
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1945-these people released but had lost everything
1988-US Congress officially apologized
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World War 2 in Europe
- 1942-Russians holding back Germans at Stalinggrad and Leingrad
- -Anglo-Americans troops attack Germans and Italians in North africa
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1942-1945-Allies begin a massive bombing campaign
-eliminate supply lines
-destroy morale(dresden-80,000 killed) firebombing
1943-Allies capture Africa and invade Italy
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Russians counterattack through Eastern Europe
1944-D Day(June 6) Ally invasion of Fance which is liberated
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1945-Soviet forces enter Berlin(Apil 30) Hitler commits sucicide
May 7, 1945-Victory in Eurpoe Day (VED)
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Allies
-China
-Great Britian
-U.S.S.R
-USA
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Holocaust-Nazi system extermination of undesirable people(approx. 10 million killed and half are Jews)
-by 1942 US govt. knows this is happening
-seen as a world moral failure(st.louis incident)
Soveit- Americans tension mount with the fall of Nazi Germany
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Yalta-Agreed- cooperate on Japan
-form the United Nations
-didnt agree on- Germany,Poland
April 12th- the chance for cooperation dies with the death of FDR
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Truman becomes president
Poland becomes communist
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Fall of Japan
- By 1945- Japanses resisitance stiffed as US approached Japan-Iwo Jima(40,000)
- -Okinawa(kamikazes)
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US begins massive forebombing campaign against Japan-Emperor Hirohito starts asking for peace
Manhattan Project-top secret US progam to develop a nuclear weapon(J.Robert Openheimes)
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July 16,1945-Successful test detonation( Alamogordo, N.M.)
-controversary errupted over using the weapon
Aug 6, 1945- a bomb dropped on HIROSHIMA(80,000)
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Aug 8,1945-Soviets attack Japanse in China
Aug 9 1945- A bomb on Nagaski
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Aug 14,1945-Victory in Japan Day
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Chapter 27 Cold War
- The nation of China becomes communist under Mao Zedong
- -US rebuilds Japan as an alley "containment policy"-stop sread of communism through economics and military
- -Truman Doctrine-economics support the non communist
- -Greece and Turkey
- -Marshall Plan(1947)-13 billion to rebuild Europe
- -Soviets refuse aid
- -1948 Czechoslovikia bcomes solidly communist
- -US does prevent the spread of communism but no total victory
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