Water and Waste

Our bodies gain water by:
_______ liquids,
_______ foods,
_______ _______ which go on inside our cells and which produce water

Our bodies lose water by:
________,
________ out,
in ______,
in ______

The kidneys have two functions:

Renal Artery

Renal Vein

Ureter

Blood entering the kidney contains useful substances like _______ as well as the waste substances ____.

The two main processes which go on in the kidney are:
1) __________ of the blood
2) __________ of the useful materials

As the processes of filtration and reabsorption take place, _____ is produced.

Urine contains the waste substance ____

The ______ is the working unit of the kidney. It's where the processes of ________ and _________ occur.

Because the blood vessel leaving the glomerulus is __________ than that entering, pressure builds up in the glomerulus and water containing dissolved glucose and urea are ________ ___ in the ________ _______. This liquid is called _________ _______

As gloerular filtrate passes down the kidney tubule all of the _______ is reabsorbed into the blood capillaries; some of the ______ is reabsorbed into the blood capillaries; but none of the _____ is reabsorbed.

Urea and some water form ____ which passes into the ________ ____ and then out of the kidney to the bladder via the ______

Urea is produced when excess proteins are broken down in the ______. The urea is carried from the _____ to the kidneys in the ______

The water content is regulated by the kidneys as a result of a chemical called ___.

ADH is a chemical produced in the brain when the water content of the blood is ___ ___.

ADH is carried to the kidneys by the ______

When ADH reaches the kidneys, it makes them _______ ____ water into the blood capillaries surrounding the kidney tubule. This brings the water content of the blood back to ______ and results in a _____ volume of concentrated urine being produced.

If the water content of the blood gets too high, the brain _____ producing ADH. In the kidneys ____ water is reabsorbed into the blood capillaries. This brings the water content of the blood back _____ and results in a _____ volume of dilute urine being produced.

Kidneys can be ______ by accident of disease. If kidney damage goes ________ the concentration of poisonous urea builds up in the body and can kill the person.

Kidney damage can be treated either by replacing the damaged kidney with a ________ kidney or having the persons blood ______ every few days by a kidney machine.

Benefits of the Kidney Machine:
- It _____ a persons life
- it _____ __ ______ by the body

Limitations of the Kidney Machine:
- The person must spend ____ _______ of time attached to the machine
- The machine is _______

Benefits of the Replacement Kidney:
- The person can live a ______ ____

Limitations of the Replacement Kidney:
- The body may ______ the kidney
- Drugs used to prevent rejection can _____ the persons ______ to _______ ________.