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_________ ________ is the study of DNA and how it serves as the chemical basis of heredity.
Molecular biology
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Where does DNA transcription to RNA take place
Nucleus
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What is it called for DNA to go to RNA
Transcription
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What is it called for RNA to go to protein
Translation
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Where does Translation rom RNA to protein occur
cytoplasm
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Two DNA strands must separate for _______ to occur.
transcription
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A _______ is a specific DNA sequence that signals the beginning of a gene/ where to start transcribing a gene.
promoter
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A binding site for RNA _________ and determines which of the 2 strands of the DNA double helix is used as the template in transcription.
polymerase
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A _________ is a specific DNA sequence that signals the end of a gene/ where to stop transcribing a gene
terminator
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The RNA nucleotides are linked by the transcription enzyme _______ ________, which catalyzes the reaction.
RNA polymerase
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What are the 3 Phases of Transcription
Initiation RNA polymerase binds to a promoter, where the helix unwinds and transcription starts.
Elongation RNA nucleotides are added to the chain
Termination RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence and detaches from the templat
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_______ RNA polymerase binds to a promoter, where the helix unwinds and transcription starts
Initiation
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______ RNA nucleotides are added to the chai
Elongation
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_________ RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence and detaches from the template
Termination
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The type of RNA that encodes amino acids is called ________ _________.
messenger RNA (mRNA).
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In most protein-coding genes, the DNA sequences are not continuous. There are non-coding regions called ______ and coding regions called ______, and they are transcribed into mRN
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Eukaryotic _______ undergoes processing before leaving the nucleus
mRNA
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______ ______removes introns and joins exons to produce a continuous coding sequence.
RNA splicing
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_______ ______ is a molecular interpreter to convert a3-nucleotide mRNA codon sequence to 1 amino acid
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
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______ molecules match an amino acid to its correspondingmRNA codon
tRNA
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_________ build polypeptides
Ribosomes
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Ribosomes build _______
polypeptides
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_________ occurs on the surface of the ribosom
Translation
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Ribosomes have two subunits: _____and _____
small and large
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Ribosomal subunits come together during ______
translation
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Ribosomes have binding sites for ____ and ______
mRNA and tRNA
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Translation can be divided into the same 3 phases as transcription: _______ _______ ______
initiation, elongagtion, & termination.
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_______ _______: the anticodon of an incoming tRNAmolecule, carrying its amino acid, pairs with the mrNA codonin the A site of the ribosome
Codon recognition
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_____ ______ ______: the growing polypeptide separates from the tRNA in the P site & attaches to the newly added amino acid in the A site
Peptide bond formation
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_________: The “empty”tRNA in the P site leaves the ribosome & the growing polypeptide attached to the tRNA in the A site moves to the P site.
Translocation
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