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Food is needed by animals for:
a) ______, as an immediate source and longer term energy store.
b) ______ and ______ of damaged cells and tissues
- a) energy
- b) growth and repair
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There are three main food types:
a) _____________, which can be divided into starches and sugars
b) ____
c) ________
- a) carbohydrates
- b) fats
- c) proteins
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The chemical elements present in carbohydrates are:
______, ________ and ______
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The chemical elements present in fats are:______, ________ and ______
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The chemical elements present in proteins are:______, ________, ______ and ________
- carbon
- hydrogen
- oxygen
- nitrogen
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The basic building blocks of carbohydrates are simple sugars, like ________. Carbohydrates may also be complex molecules like ______.
-
-
-
-
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Proteins are large molecules made up of long chains of _____ _____ joined together.
Amino acids
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A fat molecule consists of three _____ _____ joined to a ________ molecules in the shape of a letter E.
-
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Digestion is the breakdown of _____ particles of food into ______ particles so that they can be ________ into the blood through the wall of the small intestine.
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During digestion large ________ food particles into smaller ________ food particles.
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Teeth are involved in the _________ __________ of food.
mechanical breakdown
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Incisors are ______ shaped for _______ and _______
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Canine are _____ pointed for _______, _______ and holding ____
- sharp
- gripping
- piercing
- prey
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molars and premolars are large teeth with ______ surfaces for _______ and _______ food.
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An animals _________ is the number and type of teeth that it possesses. This depends on what type of food the animal eats.
dentition
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A herbivore is an animal that eats _____.
plants
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A carnivore is an animal that eats _______
animals
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An omnivore is an animals that eats _____.
both, animals and plants
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The digestive system consists of the gut running from the _____ to the ____.
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-
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pancreatic juice
pancreas
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intestinal juice
small intestine
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_________ is the name given to the muscular contractions of the gut wall.
peristalsis
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During peristalsis circular muscles in the gut wall _______ behind the food while the muscles in front of the the food _____. This pushes the food along the gut.
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The muscular contractions of the stomach wall help to mix the food with the gastric juice. This _____ __ the chemical breakdown of the food.
speeds up
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Digestive enzymes are chemicals which breakdown the large molecules of carbohydrates, proteins and fats down into
thier smaller sub-units.
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______ enzymes act on carbohydrates, ________ enzymes act on proteins while ______ enzymes act of fats.
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_______ enzymes are responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats
Different
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The ________ is the substance an enzyme acts on
substrate
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The ________ are the substrates produced at the end of the reaction.
products
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Enzyme- Amylase
Substrate- Starch
Product-
Maltose
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Enzyme- Protease
Substrate- Protein
Product-
Amino Acids
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Enzyme- Lipase
Substrate- Fats
Product-
Fatty Acids and Glycerol
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Main functions of the small intestine:
- to _________ digestion
- to ______ the digested foods across the wall of the small intestine into the bloodstream
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The small intestine has a ____ _____ _______ ____
very large surface area
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The surface area is very very large because the small intestine is very ____. The internal lining is ______ and has thousands of tiny _____ present.
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The small intestine's internal lining is very ___ which allows digested foods to pass through into the blood _____ and _______
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The small intestine has a very ____ _____ ______ which absorbs food _______ and carries it away quickly to the rest of the body.
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The _____ are well adapted for the absorption and transport of food.
villi
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Villi have a ____ _____, which allows digested food to pass through _______
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Villi have a large network of _____ ________ into which ______ and _____ _____ are absorbed and then carried away quickly
- blood capillaries
- glucose
- amino acids
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Villi have a _______ into which digested fats are absorbed.
lacteal
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In a lacteal, fats are then quickly transported away in the _________ ______ and are eventually emptied into the bloodstream.
lymphatic system
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Any undigested food material passes from the end of the ________ into the _______
- small intestine
- large intestine
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The undigested material passes along the large intestine then _____ is absorbed from it.
water
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The faeces is stored in the ______ until it is passed out of the body through the ____
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