The Need For Food

  1. Food is needed by animals for:
    a) ______, as an immediate source and longer term energy store.
    b) ______ and ______ of damaged cells and tissues
    • a) energy
    • b) growth and repair
  2. There are three main food types:
    a) _____________, which can be divided into starches and sugars
    b) ____
    c) ________
    • a) carbohydrates
    • b) fats
    • c) proteins
  3. The chemical elements present in carbohydrates are:
    ______, ________ and ______
    • carbon
    • hydrogen
    • oxygen
  4. The chemical elements present in fats are:______, ________ and ______
    • carbon
    • hydrogen
    • oxygen
  5. The chemical elements present in proteins are:______, ________, ______ and ________
    • carbon
    • hydrogen
    • oxygen
    • nitrogen
  6. The basic building blocks of carbohydrates are simple sugars, like ________. Carbohydrates may also be complex molecules like ______.
    • glucose
    • starch
  7. Image Upload 2
    Glucose molecules
  8. Image Upload 4
    starch molecules
  9. Image Upload 6
    individual animo acids
  10. Image Upload 8
    protein molecule
  11. Proteins are large molecules made up of long chains of _____ _____ joined together.
    Amino acids
  12. A fat molecule consists of three _____ _____ joined to a ________ molecules in the shape of a letter E.
    • fatty acids
    • glycerol
  13. Image Upload 10
    Fat molecule
  14. Digestion is the breakdown of _____ particles of food into ______ particles so that they can be ________ into the blood through the wall of the small intestine.
    • large
    • smaller
    • absorbed
  15. During digestion large ________ food particles into smaller ________ food particles.
    • insoluble
    • soluble
  16. Teeth are involved in the _________ __________ of food.
    mechanical breakdown
  17. Incisors are ______ shaped for _______ and _______
    • chisel
    • cutting
    • biting
  18. Canine are _____ pointed for _______, _______ and holding ____
    • sharp
    • gripping
    • piercing
    • prey
  19. molars and premolars are large teeth with ______ surfaces for _______ and _______ food.
    • ridged
    • crushing
    • grinding
  20. An animals _________ is the number and type of teeth that it possesses. This depends on what type of food the animal eats.
    dentition
  21. A herbivore is an animal that eats _____.
    plants
  22. A carnivore is an animal that eats _______
    animals
  23. An omnivore is an animals that eats _____.
    both, animals and plants
  24. The digestive system consists of the gut running from the _____ to the ____.
    • mouth
    • anus
  25. Saliva
    salivary glands
  26. gastric juices
    stomach
  27. pancreatic juice
    pancreas
  28. bile
    liver
  29. intestinal juice
    small intestine
  30. _________ is the name given to the muscular contractions of the gut wall.
    peristalsis
  31. During peristalsis circular muscles in the gut wall _______ behind the food while the muscles in front of the the food _____. This pushes the food along the gut.
    • contract
    • relax
  32. The muscular contractions of the stomach wall help to mix the food with the gastric juice. This _____ __ the chemical breakdown of the food.
    speeds up
  33. Digestive enzymes are chemicals which breakdown the large molecules of carbohydrates, proteins and fats down into
    thier smaller sub-units.
  34. ______ enzymes act on carbohydrates, ________ enzymes act on proteins while ______ enzymes act of fats.
    • Amylase
    • protease
    • lipase
  35. _______ enzymes are responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats
    Different
  36. The ________ is the substance an enzyme acts on
    substrate
  37. The ________ are the substrates produced at the end of the reaction.
    products
  38. Enzyme- Amylase
    Substrate- Starch
    Product-
    Maltose
  39. Enzyme- Protease
    Substrate- Protein
    Product-
    Amino Acids
  40. Enzyme- Lipase
    Substrate- Fats
    Product-
    Fatty Acids and Glycerol
  41. Main functions of the small intestine:
    - to _________ digestion
    - to ______ the digested foods across the wall of the small intestine into the bloodstream
    • complete
    • absorb
  42. The small intestine has a ____ _____ _______ ____
    very large surface area
  43. The surface area is very very large because the small intestine is very ____. The internal lining is ______ and has thousands of tiny _____ present.
    • long
    • folded
    • villi
  44. The small intestine's internal lining is very ___ which allows digested foods to pass through into the blood _____ and _______
    • thin
    • easily
    • quickly
  45. The small intestine has a very ____ _____ ______ which absorbs food _______ and carries it away quickly to the rest of the body.
    • rich blood supply
    • rapidly
  46. The _____ are well adapted for the absorption and transport of food.
    villi
  47. Villi have a ____ _____, which allows digested food to pass through _______
    • thin lining
    • quickly
  48. Villi have a large network of _____ ________ into which ______ and _____ _____ are absorbed and then carried away quickly
    • blood capillaries
    • glucose
    • amino acids
  49. Villi have a _______ into which digested fats are absorbed.
    lacteal
  50. In a lacteal, fats are then quickly transported away in the _________ ______ and are eventually emptied into the bloodstream.
    lymphatic system
  51. Any undigested food material passes from the end of the ________ into the _______
    • small intestine
    • large intestine
  52. The undigested material passes along the large intestine then _____ is absorbed from it.
    water
  53. The faeces is stored in the ______ until it is passed out of the body through the ____
    • rectum
    • anus
Author
crobertsonx
ID
78061
Card Set
The Need For Food
Description
Biology, Animal Survival, Subtopic
Updated