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- author "me"
- fileName "2nd semester cards"
- tags ""
- description "Bio"
- Heterozygous
- Having 2 different alleles for a given gene
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Homozygous
Having identical alleles for a give gene
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Allele
Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects
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Recombiant chromosome
A chromosome created when crossing over combines the DNA from two parents into a single chromosome
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Autosome
A chromosome that is not directly involved in the determining the sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome
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Feedbook inhibition
A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme with the pathway
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Homologous chromosomes
Chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess allels of the same genes at corresponding log. One of the homologous chromosome in inherited from the organisms father, the other from the mother
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Clone (1&2)
- 1) a lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells
- 2) in popular usage, a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual
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Somatic cell
Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell
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Gamate
A haploid cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gamates unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote
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Gene
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses)
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Heredity
The transmittion of traits from one generation to the next
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Carotenoid
An accessory pigmint, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wave lengths of light that chlorophyll cannot, carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis
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Chlorophyll
A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll "a" can participate directly in the light reactions which convert solar energy to chemical energy
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Alcohol fermentation
The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol
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Lactic acid fermentation
The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide
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Obligate anaerobe
An organism that cannot use oxygen and is poisened by it
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Induced fit
The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more slowly to the substrate, induced by entry of the substrate
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Facultative anaerobe
An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present by that switched to fermentation under anaerobic conditions
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