Chapters 7 - 9

the curved section at the end of a nave

a structure designed to transport water

a vault made by extending a round arch through space

a means of holding stones in place during the construction of an arch

a recessed geometric panel in a ceiling

a vault made by the intersection of two barrel vaults

a hemispherical roof or ceiling; made by rotating a round arch

the circular support of a dome

a column that is attached to a wall

a portrait of a ruler on horseback

the public center of an ancient Roman city

the support of an arch attached to a wall

in a round arch, the top center stone holding the voussoirs in place

Roman household gods

in basilicas, a wide central aisle separated from the side aisles by rows of columns

a city of the dead

the front of a coin

a round opening in a wall or ceiling

a square column

the masonry forming the base (usually rectangular) of a temple, arch, or other building

the back of a coin

the upward thrust of an arch

a process through which differing belief systems are assimilated

a form of government by four co-rulers

a type of pale limestone, used in Roman building, that turns yellow as it ages

soft, easily workable, volcanic rock, used in Etruscan building

a country estate

a form of Doric style, used by the Etruscans

a wedge-shaped stone used in round arches

the original container for the Tablets containing the Ten Commandments

a building in which baptisms are performed

authorized; used with reference to a collection of writings or works applying to a particular religion or author

in Jewish worship, the singer who chants Bible readings, prayers, or parts of the liturgy

in a church or temple, an upper story of the nave, above the aisle, that is pierced with windows to admit light

a formal agreement; the conditional promises made between God and his people in the Bible

a formal statement of the beliefs of a particular religion or philosophy

the forty-year journey made by the Israelites, led by Moses, out of Egypt to freedom; also, the second book of the Hebrew Bible

a belief or practice that is contrary to established Church teaching

the apparent meaning of an image and its underlying symbolism

a type of prayer in which a leader and a congregation speak alternately

rites of worship

a person who dies for his or her beliefs

a structure built over the tomb of a martyr

a large, elaborate round tomb

music in which several notes are sung to one syllable

a candelabrum with seven candlesticks, three on each side and one in the center

in music, regular division into set numbers of rhythmic beats

cultish religion, based on ancient myths, of a type that was common in Greece and throughout the Roman Empire

in music, height or depth of a tone

unaccompanied monophonic music sung to Latin texts as part of a church service

a style of music in which a soloist alternates with congregational or choral responses

in monasteries, a systematic regimen

referring to three books of the New Testament, the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, which are considered to form a group

the stones on which were inscribed the laws given to Moses on Mount Sinai

in a church, the cross-section corresponding to the arms of the Cross

in music, a liturgical chant with a Latin text sung with a psalm

in music, a style of composition using two or more groups of performers to create effects of echo or contrast

absolute rule by one person

a Muslim ruler or leader

a Middle Eastern poem in couplets having strict meter and a double rhyme scheme

a sacred image

the destruction of religious images

someone who supports religious imagery

a half-moon shaped wall section

in Arabic music, a specific scale having certain phrases and patterns

a thin tower on the exterior of a mosque

in Islam, a crier who calls the faithful to prayer from a minaret

a vestibule or porch across the west end of a church

an architectural feature resembling a curved triangle between the lunettes of a dome

a genre of Muslim devotional song, generally with lyrics in Urdu, popular in north India and Pakistan, typically sung by two to four vocalists, with hand-clapping harmonium, and barrel-drum accompaniment

a peasant worker unable to leave the land

in Arabic music, an improvised elaboration of maqams in a free-rhythmic style

a Sufi ascetic who seeks divine ecstasy through whirling to music