April 4 Study Test

Stores and concentrates bile up to 10x it concentration when it leaves the liver

In fat digestion it requires more lipase in the small intestine along with _____________ from the pancreas to get ready for absorption

is blood in the urine

is the surgical removal of the gallbladder

Pigments come from

Has a left and a right lobe. The left represents 1/6 and the right 5/6

Is the last 8 inches of the colon

The last 1 inch of the rectum is the

Are mostly cholesterol and are formed when cholesterol levels are too high

are emulsified fat with lecithin around it

Juices in the stomach

When gallbladder is removed gives the
____________ a straight shot to the small intestine because it has nowhere to send bile as a storage space

is when the small intestine is absorbing protein molecules causing inflammation or plaguing in arteries

Juices in the small intestines

Is the inflammation of the stomach which is usually a precursor to ulcers

Cells are specialized macrophages located in the liver lining the walls of the sinusoids that form part of the reticuloendthelial system (RES) which is also known as mononuclear phaygocyte system

Is referred to any as any inflammation condition of the large intestine

is important because it contains bi-carbonate that assist with neutralize pH

Is the term for vomiting

cells are capable of absorbing and storing some vitamins; Vitamin A, D, B12, and iron

is the formation of gallstones

is pus in the urine

can be caused by infection or vibration from machinery, poisons, paint thinners, acetone, mercury, lead, and Atherosclerosis (mostly caused by diabetes)

Units of the liver are called _______________ lobules that contain Kupffer cells

Bile also has the _______________________in it.
These are chemicals that would normally be harmful but are rendered harmless to the liver which assists in removing from the body.

is glucose in the urine

Urea is the breakdown of amino acids in the liver creating NH3 (ammonia) that is mixed with ________________ which makes it much less toxic than ammonia

contains an artery and a vein. This is the area where you get hemorrhoids

Silent Gallstone are less likely to form if the gallbladder is ____________on a regular basis

In fat digestion after chime is produced it requires more ___________ in the small intestine along with bile from the pancreas to get ready for absorption

Leaky Gut Syndrome is when the small intestine is absorbing ________________ causing inflammation or plaguing in arteries

is a high energy molecule in the muscles

Itch butt syndrome and ______________ are a tear in various parts of the body

it filters the blood and detoxifies chemicals that flow through the it including most pharmaceuticals

When ________________________________ is killed off the candida invades and starts setting up camp

The bladder is followed by the

Liver secretes ______________ and produces a hormone that produces RBC production called erythropoietin

If the digestion process goes to fast in the small intestine the duodenum will release __________________________________ that will slow down the digestion or peristalsis in that area

Ulcers there are 2 types depending on where they occur;

which is related to small intestine and means we can’t absorb many of the nutrients we are eating

when the small intestine is absorbing protein molecules, this would mean the larger molecules could start causing ______________ type inflammatory molecules to be produce which could do damage to arterial walls and cause more plaguing in arteries

Urea is the breakdown of amino acids in the liver creating

can remove old red blood cells

is painful urination

In protein digestion after Chyme is made it is met on the other side of the small intestine with more

Candida changes_________ of the intestines

RBC production is produced in the liver and the kidneys. This is called

Creatine Phosphate is a high energy molecule in the muscles which would be more common in extreme athletes

Removal of gallbladder may cause more of a _______problem especially if you have eaten more fat

The liver produces a whole bunch of chemicals or molecules that have to do with the immune system which would be the Compliment System by producing

is more serious and acquired by contaminated blood transfer of bodily fluids

Ureters are the tubes from kidneys to the

is unusual amounts of urine

Heme which is part of the hemoglobin is converted into

It then ejects bile when we eat fat

Protein digestion starts in the

IBS, colitis, Malabsorption and thing that cause inflammation of the intestine primarily occur from

Blood enters and exits the kidneys thru ____________ arteries and veins

Urea is the breakdown of ________________ in the liver

Micelles are absorbed in ______________ in the small intestines

Gastritis is inflammation is also referred to as

Carbohydrates digestion starts in the mouth with

which is ejected into the small intestine about every 20 seconds meeting gastric juices from the small intestine

Coming out of the kidneys is the

Protein digestion starts in the stomach with gastric protease called

When candida changes the pH of the intestines food is not breaking down as well because that is part of the job of the

you can live with for long periods of time

is a scant amount of urine

IBS or irritable bowl syndrome is a ________________________ that can be correlated
with constipation or diarrhea or both. This can be caused by stress

kill off our natural bowel flora while trying to kill other bacteria’s or bugs

breaks down carbs when they hit the stomach

can be taken orally and are not from stool. They have
been grown in clean environment and can reestablish bowel flora

means kidney are functioning but not to par

To produce erythropoietin, maintain water/salt balance (electrolyte balance), removal of metabolic waste, maintains blood pH, and maintain blood pressure and volume are all responsibility of the

is the absence of urination

They are part of lymphatic system so they are phagocytic meaning they will eat up bacteria

swollen prostate

consist of bile salts, cholesterol, lecithin (mixes oil with water), and pigments

Fat digestion begins in the stomach with

are kidney stones

can be mild to life threatening, which is transmitted person-to-person by ingestion of contaminated food or water or through direct contact with an infectious person

Phagocytic cells can remove old red blood cells, this also happens in the

Male urethra is encircled by the ___________________ which creates a problem if they are experiencing BPH or benign prostatic hyperplasia which is a swollen prostate

A gallbladder cleanse is designed to flush all gallstones out of gallbladder

Majority of pharmaceuticals are not broken down until they hit the

RBC production called

Further digestion of carbs in the small intestine
where amylase is secreted from the

Pepsin is combined with hydrochloric acid in the stomach and then becomes part of the ____________ that is squirt into the small intestine

an obstruction in the gallbladder means we are not getting bile ejected into the small intestine would cause

need to be restored if you have been on antibiotics

is protein in the urine

of the liver is development of scar tissue giving less function. This can be caused by chronic alcohol abuse, hepatitis or an infection

bladder means they lose control of urination or voiding

are formed and exits out into the small intestine without pain or problem

Acid mixes with food in the stomach and is then mixed with gastric juices creating

Protease is produced by the

It also converts vitamin D3 to D2

Women experience more bladder infections because the urethra is

Clean catch would be the _____________ part of urine

mixes oil with water and is produce in the liver and is part of the bile

Bilirubin which is extracted by the ______________ and added to the bile

is inflammation of the urethra

is inflammation of gallbladder

Breakdown of _____________ or larger amino acids for absorption will also be breaking down nucleic acids and DNA

is whole bunch of capillaries

Nephrons are the basic function unit of the

Water/salt balance means more salt in the blood it would increase blood volume causing

when dumped almost always 100% is going to be reabsorbed from the proximal tubule

are permeable and have the ability to have thing leaked out and reabsorbed

are regulators. They creates homeostasis

are found in the urine; bacteria, hydrogen ions, pigment, hormones

is the produced by the breakdown of nucleotides

balance the kidneys monitor the pH by excreting hydrogen ions (acid) and reabsorb HCO3 (bicarbonate).

comes into kidney bringing blood.

The capillaries in _____________ are normally single and are only once cell thick and have a lot of pores in them so they can leak things out

There are 3 things that affect urine production

pH of urine should always be

are other components in the _________; Urea, Uric Acid, Sodium, potassium, chloride ions, sulfate, phosphate, bicarbonate

is the movement out of the nephron and back into the blood, this would be potassium, sodium, water and glucose

Filtered is referred to GFR = Glomerular Filtration
rate which is determined by

Glucose requires a carrier to get reabsorbed (sodium) back into the

these would be _______________ in urine; glucose, albumin (protein molecule), and blood

starts with movement of water and small solutes (excluding proteins) out of the glomerulus (capillary tuft) and into the capsular space and that that enters
the nephron

can affect filtration rates

They are insoluble crystals or molecules. If precipitated out as crystals which is most commonly known as gout and usually begins in the big toe. It does not have to stay there; it is capable of moving to other places

It branches 5 times and becomes between 5 to 8 capillaries forming the glomerulus. It inserts into Bowman’s capsules

is the movement out of the nephron and back into the blood, this would be potassium, sodium, water and glucose. Most of those nutrients and water will be reabsorbed into the system

In tubular excretion some nutrients will leave the nephron and will be picked up by the

is where molecules leave the peritubluar blood and enter into the tubular for excretion. Some molecules
move back out of the blood and are reabsorbed back into the nephron

is volume of plasma from which a supstance is removed from the blood by the kidneys per minute

means kidneys are functioning but not to par

can be caused by infection, vibration from machinery, poisons, paint thinners, acetone, mercury, lead, and atherosclerosis (mostly caused by diabetes)