Nur 42 Fluid and electrolyte vocabulary

fluid within (inside) each cell and has equal amounts. ICF contains potassium, magnesium, phosphate ions & protein

are found outside of the body cells and are the body’s transportation system. ECF contains sodium, chloride, calcium, hydrogen, & bicarbonates, plus oxygen, glucose, fatty acids & amino acids. ECF also contain blood plasma and interstitial fluids

the space within the blood vessels whose main function is to carry blood, blood plasma, RBC, WBC, & platelets.

Fluid that is everywhere in the body between the cells and vascular compartments; the function is to carry nutrients & waste products between the cells and blood vessels.

found in the spaces in the cerebrospinal canals in the brain, lymph, tissue, synovial joints, and eyes

Exert a major influence on the movement of water between compartments on enzyme reaction, on the neurmuscular activity, and on acid base regulation. This movement is also known as homeostasis.

7.35 - 7.45

A measurment of effective hydrogen ion concentration

<6.8 or >7.8

<7.35

>7.45

35-45 mmHg

22-26 mEq/L

Systemic increase in hydrogen ion concentration; occurs when lung can't eliminate CO2, or if diarrhea causes loss of bi-carbs anions, or if kidneys fail to reabsorb bi-carb or secrete hydrogen ions

body-wide decrease in hydrogen ion concentration caused by hyperventilation and loss of non vital acids during vomiting or from excessive ingestion of base

Highest grow nad metabolic activity; immature renal system; a decrease ability to concentrate urine which leads to increase fluid loss

Increase hormonal activity and excercise; pregnant teenagers have an increase demand on the fetus during a time when their own body's needs have increased

At the highest risk for fluid imbalances because of chronic diseases; decrease thirst mechanism; decrease renal function r/t aging and they take more meds with side effects of vomiting and diarrhea

A decreased intravascular, interstitial and/or intercellular fluid below normal range (dehydration, waterloss, and lost in electrolytes without a change in sodium)

major ECF that regulates renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (retains absorbed Na+ and H2O) excess sodium in the ECF may cause edema or conditions in which H2O loss exceeds Na loss

• Presence renal disease
• HTN
• Cv problems

• Decrease of sodium in the ECF
• Can result in an acidic enviroment
• May be due to severe vomiting & diarrhea
• May cause muscle weakness
• decrease skin turgor
• tremors
• seizures
• Low salt diet
• Sweating

(3.5 – 5 mEq/L) – major ICF that regulates renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (kidneys excrete K+ in exchange for Na+); extracellular lost from metabolic or respiratory acidosis

• excess potassium in the blood; due to dehydration, diet, or renal failure
• Can result in muscle weakness
• or cardiac failure

• Potassium deficiency diarrhea, vomiting, diabetic acidosis, severe malnutrition, diet low in K+. GI suctioning, excessive use of laxatives or diuretics
• Can result in Cardiac abnormalties (tachycardia)

4.5 - 5.5 mEq/L; decrease calcium is r/t to hypoparathyroidism; increase calcium is r/t increase bone loss because of immobility, cancer, and multiple fractures

• 1.5 - 2.4 mEq/L;
• decrease in magnesium r/t alcoholism & malnutrition
• Increase magnesium r/t renal disease

• 1.2 - 3.0 mEq/L
• Decrease in phosphate is r/t hyperparathryroidsm and malnutrition
• Increase in phosphate is r/t massive trauma, strokes, and renal failure

• Impaired gas exchange
• Impaired oral mucous membrane
• Fluid volume Excess (Hypervolemia)
• Fluid Volume Deficit (Hypovolemia)

• weight - loss greater than 2lbs in 24hrs
• B/P - Low
• Temp. - Elevated or normal
• Pulse - Weak, Rapid, Shallow
• RR - Rapid, Shallow
• Urine - Scant, Dark yellow
• Stool - Dry, Smallvolume
• Skin - Warm flushed, Dry poor skin turgor
• Eyes - Sunken

• Weight - weight gain more than 2lbs in 24hrs (edema)
• Temp. - normal
• Pulse - full, Bounding
• Urine - Light, polyuria (if kidneys are working normally)
• Stool - bulky
• Skin - Cool, pale, moist, pitting edema
• Eyes - Swollen
• Lung/Breathing - Crackels, gargles, dyspnea, increase RR, labored breathing, orthopnea
• Neck vein distention
• Lab findings - decreased hematocrit level <38% and decrease BUN level <10mg/100mL (hemodilution)

1,200 - 1,500 mL of water

60%

Its a type of IV solution that is water and other crystals (ex. Salts and sugars) - NS, Dextrose & water, Lactated Ringers.

An IV solution that is water, molecules of a suspended substances (ex. Blood cells & Blood products; Albumin and plasma)