Proper finishing and polishing of tooth structures and restorative material is significant and improves what 3 things?
improves aesthetics
improves tissue healing
increases longevity of filling
What are 3 main goals of proper finishing and polishing?
remove excess material
smooth roughened surfaces
esthetic material with least trauma to tissue
a smooth restoration surface will resist what 3 things?
plaque accumulation
stain accumulation
corrosion
List 3 factors that affect abrasion.
size, irregularity, and HARDNESS of particles
NUMBER of particles contacting the surface
SPEED and pressure: the higher the speed, the more abrasive
What is the most abrasive material used in dentistry?
diamonds
The larger, irregular particles = _________ abrasive
more
What is the scale that ranks materials by abrasion resistance?
MOH scale
What is a dental implication with the fact that porcelain is harder than enamel or dentin?
If there are porcelain restorations opposite of regular tooth structure, it will cause it to abrade and breakdown
Abrasive wear of tooth structures in contact with porcelain restorations
The greater the difference in the abrasive and the surface it is abrading, the ________ and _______ effective the abrasive action
faster
more
Rate the structures in the body from hardest to softest.
enamel
bone
dentin
cementum
What are the rankings of Moh's hardness scale for each of the following materials?
diamond
pumice
porcelain
amalgam
enamel
composite
dentin
gold
cementum
diamond: 10
pumice: 6-7
porcelain: 6-7
amalgam: 5-6
enamel: 5
composite: 3-7
dentin: 4
gold: 3
cementum: 2-3
Increasing the speed and pressure of the abrasive will______________ the rate of absorption
increase
Increasing the pressure when using abrasives produces _________ from friction.
heat: which may produce a detrimental effect on the tooth structure and on pt comfort
true or false. In the use of abrasives, you want to start with the most and move to the least abrasive.
true
Diamond abrasives rate a ________ on Moh scale. They have FINE diamond particles in pastes that are used to polish __________ and ____________ restorations
10
composite
porcelain
Which type of burs come in several shapes, with designs ranging from 7-30 cutting flutes, and the higher the number of these flutes, the finer is the final finish.
tungsten carbide finishing burs
The more flutes (in carbide finishing bur) the _______ the finish, it ___________ abrasiveness
finer
decreases
Which type of abrasive material is a synthetic abrasive that is often manufactured in white or tan powder. It is used in sandblasting restorations and in preparation for cementation and air abrasion?
aluminum oxide
Which type of abrasive material is volcanic silica manufacturede as a loose abrasive. it is a major component of many prophylaxis pastes used to polish tooth structure, dental amalgam, and acrylic bases?
pumice
What type of abrasive material can be used as FINAL polish for gold, ceramic, amalgam, or composite restorations in the mouth?
tin oxide
Which type of abrasive material is found in prophylaxis paste and DENTIFRICE?
calcium carbonate
true or false. fluoride rich enamel layer and exposed cementum or deminerlized enamel is removed when polishing with prophy paste. polish only surfaces with stain.
both statements are true
Abrasive agents in toothpaste improve efficacy to remove what 3 things?
stain
biofilm
debris
How come prostheses with metal cannot be placed in dilute acid solutions or hypochlorite to clean them?
because the bleach will react with the metal and cause CORROSION
Denture cleansers loosen _______ and __________; freshen _________; use a ______________ material
stains
plaque
acrylic
non-abrasive
What are 2 benefits of finishing and polishing amalgam restorations?
decreased biofilm retention
increased resistance to tarnish and corrosion
In finishing and polishing amalgam restorations, you should begin by evaluating the ________ ____________ for prematurities and deficiencies; make it __________
cavosurface margin
smooth
What is the removal of excessive restorative material from margins of restoration?
margination
What are 5 indications for margination of amalgam restorations?
Overhang or flash is not extensive in size
tooth anatomy or contour can be improved
proximal contact is present
restoration is intact; no fractures, open margins, or caries os present
the margin is accessible without damage to tissuee or adjacent tooth structures
It is recommended that amalgam restorations be polished no sooner than _________ hours after insertion.
24 hours
List 10 equipment/supplies needed for the finishing and polishing procedure for amalgam restorations
mirror and explorer
air-water syringe
articulating paper
isolation materials
slow-speed handpiece and attachment
finishing burs, stones, disks, and cups
dappen dish
pumice
disposable rubber cup and brush
TIN OXIDE
Describe the first 3 steps in the finishing and polishing procedures for amalgam restorations.
examine cavosurface margins of entire restoration for excess material
check occlusion with articulating paper and clinically for premature occlusal contact
remove proximal cavosurface prematurities with an amalgam knife or a similar sharp instrument utilizing short, overlapping strokes
In step 4 of finishing and polishing amalgam restorations, what should you use to isolate the restoration?
cottton rolls
saliva ejector
In the 5th step of finishing and polishing amalgam restorations, which is polishing moving from most to least abrasive (brown first, then green, finally super, greenie) which stones are used for occlusal anatomy, and which ones for smooth surfaces?
pointed stones: occlusal
disk cup: smooth
Describe steps 6 and 7 of finishing and polishing amalgam restorations.
use slow to moderate speed, always moving the stone from tooth to amalgam to prevent ditching the cavosurface margin
use a light sweeping motion while keeping the finishing instrument moving to avoid excessive heat and mercury vapor production
Why is it important to rinse the area thoroughly when changing abrasives? (the 8th step in finishing and polishing amalgam restorations)
to prevent the more abrasive particles from abrading the surface
What is used to finish and polish amalgam restorations after the use of pointed stones and smooth cups? (step 9)
rubber cup and brush with a slurry of pumic and then tin oxide
describe steps 10 and 11 of polishing and finishing amalgam restorations.
keep the cup or brush (with pumice and tin oxide) in motion at all times using light intermittent strokes and moderate speed
rinse thoroughly between pumice and tin oxide
What is used to polish proximal surfaces? (step 12 of finishing and polishing amalgam restorations)
handheld finishing strip or pumice and dental tape
List 10 equipment/supplies needed in the procedure for polishing a preexisting composite restoration.
mirror and explorer
air-water syringe
isolation materials
slow-speed handpiece and attachment
abrasive finishing disks
sterilizable mandrel
abrasive flexible wheels and points
polishing paste
rubber cup
Describe the 4 steps in polishing a preexisting composite restoration.
examine restoration for staining: don't polish if no stain
isolate area with cotton rolls and saliva ejector
remove cavosurface flash with a sharp scaler
use in order coarse to fine abrasive diseks on a sterilizable mandrel or flexible wheels and rubber points, rinsing after each: light sweeping motion, keep rotary device moving always, finish with abrasiv paste on rubber cup
What are the three steps in finishing and polishing composite restorations?
remove marginal and occlusal excess: with diamond or carbide finishing bur
intermdiate finishing: with flexible disks, cups, and strips, coarse to super fine
Final polishing: with submicron ALUMINUM OXIDE-based polishing paste applied with soft cups or felt pads
true or false. Staining of margins of composites may not be polished away.
TRUE
Why is it undesireable to polish contact areas between teeth?
because it might cause loss of the proximal contact
In prophylaxis polishing and cleaning of composite restorations, you should avoid the use of what 3 things?
ultrasonic scalers
sonic scalers
air-polishing
true or false. Only polish composite restorations if stain is present.
true
what type of material is used in the prophylaxis polishing of composite restorations?
aluminum oxide
What are 2 steps in polishing resin-cement interfaces during oral prophylaxis?
check if 'staining' or 'microleakage' is present
if the stain is in the cement: treat it like a composite
what 2 things should you not use in oral prophylaxis with implants? What 2 things are ok to use?
NO: abrasive-pastes or tin oxide
YES: plastic hand instruments or plastic sheaths on ultrasonic scalers
What procedure uses a combination of sodium bicarbonate, air, and water, has a PSI (water pressure) of 40, and is good for polishing enamel?
air polishing
What 4 things should you avoid air polishing?
composite
porcelain
dentin
cementum
What procedure uses aluminum oxide and compressed air, and removes minimal amounts of teeth and restorative structure, and has a PSI of40-160?
microabrasion
What are 4 uses of microabrasion?
clean cast appliances before cementation
intraoral repair of porcelain and composites
tooth surface preparations before bonding
cut tooth structure for restoration
What procedure is microabrasion NOT recommended for?
stain removal
aerosols are created with the use of rotary devices and moisture, what are 4 safety and infection control procedures to follow?
