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Molecular Biology

  1. Molecular Biology is the study of what?
    The study of DNA
  2. Nucleic Acid
    Polymer of Nucleotides
  3. DNA Function
    Heriditory Information (info passed onto offspring)
  4. DNA Components
    • (Nucleotide)
    • 1.Phosphate
    • 2.Sugar
    • 3.Nitrogenous Base
  5. DNA Bases
    • Purines (Double Ring)
    • Adenine
    • Guanine
    • Pyrimidines (Single Ring)
    • Cytosine
    • Thymine
  6. DNA Structure
    • Image Upload 2
    • Adenine & Thymine always linked
    • Cytosine & Guanine always linked
  7. RNA Function
    • "Single Strand"
    • mRNA: Messenger (carrying message)
    • rRNA: Ribosomal (Producing Proteins)
    • tRNA: Transfer Amino Acids
  8. RNA Components
    • Sugar: Ribose
    • Nitrogenous Base
  9. RNA Bases
    • Purines (Double Ring)
    • Adenine
    • Guanine
    • Pyrimidines (Single Ring)
    • Cytosine
    • Uracil
  10. RNA Structure (Diagram)
    Image Upload 4
  11. DNA Replication "PROCESS"
    • 1. Helicase (enzyme): Unwind double helix
    • 2. DNA Polymerase (enzyme): Reads DNA and adds bases- drops in behind helicase and goes in opposite direction to add bases
    • 3. Ligase (enzyme): Connects/completes fragments of missing nucletides
  12. DNA Replication "GENE EXPRESSION"
    • "making genes function"
    • Process:
    • 1) Transcription: (DNA->RNA) copying DNA in form of RNA
    • 2) Translation: (RNA->Protein) using RNA to make proteins
  13. DNA Replication Gene Expression Process "BROWNIE EXAMPLE"
    Counter Oven

    Contents-->Batter    ][--->Brownies

    • (transcription) (translation)
    • DNA-->RNA][-------->Protein

    Nucleus Cytoplasm
  14. DNA Transcription Processes
    • DNA-->RNA
    • 1.Intitiation: RNA Polymerase unwinds DNA in promoter region where it starts
    • 2. Elongation: RNA Polymerase ADDS BASES to make mRNA
    • 3. Termination: RNA Polymerase breaks off terminator region, mRNA breaks off into cytoplasm

    END RESULT: RNA Polymerase and mRNA
  15. DNA Transcription Processes
  16. Genetic Code
    1 codon made up of 3 bases that code for 1 amino acid

    • Special Codons
    • AUG--> Start--> MET (MET starts it)

    • UAA}
    • UAG}- STOP--> No Amino Acid
    • UGA}
  17. Mutation Definition and Types
    • "Change in DNA"
    • 1) Substitution: replacing a base
    • 2) Insertion: adding base
    • 3) Deletion: removing base
  18. Causes of Mutation
    • Mutagenesis- production of mutation
    • -Error in DNA Replication
    • Mutagen: Physical or chemical agent (ex. the sun-causes radiation)
    • -carinogen--chemical causes cancer
  19. Mutation Cell Types
    • Somatic Cell: The Individual
    • Gametic Cell: The Offspring
  20. Controlling Gene Expression
    All cells have same genetic information, BUT are expressed differently
  21. Genetic Basis of Cancer
    Mutation occurs in DNA--->Seen in Protein
Author
ckluckner
ID
77885
Card Set
Molecular Biology
Description
Molecular Biology
Updated

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