MHR301_Ch.2

organizations that are affected by , and taht affect, their environment

goods and services organizations take in and use to create products or services

the products and services organizations create

all relevant forces outside a firm's boundaries, such as competitors, customers, the government, and the economy

the immediate environment surrounding a firm; includes suppliers, customers, rivals, and the like

the general environment; includes governments, economic conditions, and other fundamental factors that generally affect all organizations

measures of various characteristics of the oeple who make up groups or other social units

conditions that prevent new companies from entering an industry

fixed costs buyers face when they change suppliers

the managing of the network of facilities and people that obtain materials from outside the organization, transform them into products, and distribute them to customers.

those who purchase products in their finished form

a customer who purchases raw materials or wholesale products before selling them to final customers

Lack of information needed to understand or predict the future

searching for and sorting through information about the environment

information that helps managers determine how to compete better

A narrative thatdescribes a particular set of future conditions

Method for predicting how variables will change the future

the process of comparing an organization's practices and technologies with those of other companies

the process of sharing power with employees, thereby enhancing their confidence in their ability to perform their jobs and their belief that they are influential contributors to the organization

creating supplies of excess resources in case of unpredictable needs

leveling normal flucuations at the boundaries of the environment

methods for adapting the technical core to change in the environment

strategies that an organization acting on its own uses to change some aspect of its current environment

Strategies used by two or more organizations working together to manage the exteranl environment

an organization's conscious efforts to change the boundaries of its task environment

Entering a new market or industry with an existing expertise

a firm's investment in a different product, business, a geographic area

one or more companies combining with another

one firm buying another

a firm selling one or more business

companies that continually change the boundaries for their task environments by seeking new products and markets, diversifying and merging, or acquiring new enterprises.

companies that stay within a stable product domain as a strategic maneuver

The set of important assumptions about the organization and its goals and practices that members of the company share