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An organization is made up of three important issues?
- 1.Structure
- 2.Purpose
- 3.Activity
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Who distigusihed the corporate group from other forms of social orgainzation?
Weber
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Who defined an organization as a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons?
Barnard
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"process by which the elements of a group ar integrated, coordinated, and/or utilized so as to effectively and efficentyl achive organizational objectives."
Management
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"a process that helps direct and mobilize people and their ideas."
Leadership
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Who viewed organizations as self contained and unresponsive to their environment?
Fredric Taylor
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What is a complex environment?
Conflicting goals are a reflection of unresolved disagreements in society
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An organizaion is composed of:
- Missions
- Policies
- Procedures
- Hierarchy of authority
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How many generic descriptors fit all departments?
None
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What are the two models of organizations?
- Mechanistic-formal
- Organic-informal
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What is the span of control?
The number of people one person can effectively supervise.
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"Any external phenomenon, event, group, individual, or system."
Organizational Environment
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What is an Organizational Environment composed of?
- Legal
- Politial
- Demographic
- Ecological
- Technological
- Economic
- Cultural
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What are some examples of technology that are good and bad?
Automobile-it has given the officer the ability to move faster, however it has taken him away from the public.
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What is an agencies mission directed by?
Legislation
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How is the legal definition of a crime set?
By statute
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What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do for law enforcement?
Opened the door to civil litigation against law enforcement agencies.
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What are the three types of law?
- Statutory Law
- Case Law
- Constitutional Law
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At what age do most criminals act?
Under the age of 25
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What is a simple state?
Few external issues and influences
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What is a Complex State?
Multiple heterogenous pressures
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What is a Static State?
One that remains stable over a long period of time.
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What is a dyad?
Two individuals transmitting signals back and forth-communicating
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What are the four steps to communicating?
- Encoding
- Transmitting
- Recieving
- Feedback
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What are some barriers to communication?
- Preconcieved ideas-I hear what I want to hear
- Use of personalized meaning-jargon
- Lack of communication skills
- Lack of motivation
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How does information in the hierarchial flow of downward information work?
Tends to be overused, unclear, demonstrates lack of reguard for employees
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How does information in the upward communication work?
Encourages employee feedback and participation, can be risky for employee
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What are some forms of informal communication?
- The grapevine
- Typically altered from each person
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What are the three forms of information?
- Environmental
- Motivational
- Instructional
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Definition: A psychological concept that examines the mind of the individual and why he or she exibits a certain type of behavior.
Exploring managerial concepts that induce employees to act in a consistant, expectant way.
Motivation
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How does the classical school of motivation work?
Motivation comes from management, creating clearly defined rules.
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How does the Human Relations school work?
This is tied to how workers are treated by supervisors.
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How does the Behavioral School work?
It emphasises on importance of manager and leader behavior.
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Who came up with the Need Theory?
Maslow
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What was the Need Theroy about?
- It said that all people have needs:
- Physical
- Psychological
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Who came up with Theory X and Theroy Y?
McGregor
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What was theory X?
- It said management is responsible for organizing elements to reach an end.
- Management directs, motivates, controls, and modifies
"Getting things done through other people"
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What is Theory Y?
Management is responsible for organizing the elements of a productive organization. People are not ignorant to change.
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Who created the Achievement-Power-Affiliation Theory?
McClelland
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What does the expectancy theory say?
If a certain amount of effort is put forth, a calculated outcome will occur.
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What is the equity theory?
Affected by his or her perception of fairness and how employees are actually treated.
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What is Theroy Z?
This theory tries to incorporate the best parts of theory X and Y
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