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Socialization
the process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as a member of that society
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What are the limits of socialization?
- It cannot explain everything about a person's development and personality
- Biology is also very important
- Biology and social interactions make up who we are
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What are the theories of socialization?
- "self" by Charles Horton Cooley
- I, me, other, generalized other by George Herbert Mead
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What is Charles Horton Cooley's theory?
the "self" emerges from our ability to assume the point of view of others and imagine how others see us
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George Herbert Mead's theory
- infants know only I
- learn "me" and "other" through social interaction
- develop a concept of "generalized other" to be able to apply norms and learned behaviors to new situations
- importance of imitation, play, and game to distinguish between self and other
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Eric Erikson's theory
- identifies 8 stages and span a person's life time
- solves conflict in that stage to move on
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What are the important socializing agents?
Families, school, peers, the media, and total institutions
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What is a total institution?
an institution in which one is totally immersed that controls all the basics of day-to-day life
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What is adult socialization?
- ways in which people are socialized as adults
- learn job responsibilities
- resocialization
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Resocialization
the process by which one’s social values, beliefs, and norms are challenged and perhaps reformulated in response to spending a significant amount of time in a very different environment
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What are the key concepts of Robert Merton's role theory?
- to describe social interaction
- status, roles, role strain, role conflict, status set, ascribed status, achieved status, and master status
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What are the differences between role strain and role conflict?
- role strain refers to conflicting demands within the same status
- role conflict refers to the tension between two or more roles pertaining to different statuses
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What's ascribed status?
- involutary status
- one is born with
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What's achieved status?
- voluntary status
- one enters
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What is master status?
one status within a set that stands out or overides all others
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What is "gender roles?"
- a set of behavioral norms associated with males or females in a given social group or system
- can be powerful and influential than other roles
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What is meant by "socially constructed?"
- people give meaning or value to ideas or objects through interactions
- it is an on going process that is embedded in our everyday interactions
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What is symbolic interactionism?
a micro-level theory based on the idea that people act in accordance with shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions
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What's Erving Goffman's theory?
- Dramaturgical Theory
- social life as theatrical performance
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Ethnomethology
an approach to studying human interaction that focuses on the ways in which we make sense of our world, convey this understanding to others, and produce a mutually shared social order
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What was Harold Garfinkel's method of studying social interactions?
developed a method for studying social interactions, called “breaching experiments,” that involved having collaborators exhibit “abnormal” or “atypical” behaviors in social interactions in order to see how people would react
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What did the internet create?
- New type of social interaction that don't incorporate verbal and visual cues people are accustomed to replying on
- new type of crimes and new way of communicating
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