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Common attributes among social classes
- Similar opportunities
- Economic and vocational positions
- lifestyles
- attitudes
- behaviors
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% of population in upper class
1-3%
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% of population in upper-middle class
10-15%
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% of population in middle class
25-30%
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% of population in lower-middle class
25-30%
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% of population in lower class
15-20%
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Weber's three criteria for stratification
- Economic class
- Social status
- Political power
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5 myths about the poor
- 1. People are poor because they are too lazy to work
- 2. Most poor people are minorities, and most minorities are poor.
- 3. Most people in poverty live in the inner cities
- 4. Welfare programs are straining the federal budget
- 5. Most of the poor are single mothers with children
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Consequences of poverty
- Low birth weight babies
- High infant mortality rate
- Lower life expectancy
- Poor are more likely to be arrested, charged, tried, convicted, and sentenced more harshly.
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Household with lowest income- female or male headed?
Female
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Trend of benefits for the Poor
- Poverty has changed little since 1965.
- Formula for estimating poverty has not been changed.
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Modernization theory
Assumes that the economic differences are due to technological and cultural differences.
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Dependency theory
Proposes that the economic positions of rich and poor nations are linked and cannot be understood in isolation from each other. Global inequality is due to the exploitation of poor societies by rich ones.
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Race
A category of people who are similar because of physical characteristics
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Ethnic group
A group that has a distinct cultural tradition with which its members identify with and may or may not be recognized by others.
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Prejudice
An irrationally based negative, or occassionally positive, attitude toward certain groups and their members.
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Discrimination
Differential treatment, usually unequal and injurious, accorded to individuals who are assumed to belong to a particular category or group.
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Merton's 4 classifications of prejudice and discrimination
- 1. unprejudice nondiscriminators
- 2. unprejudiced discriminators
- 3. Prejudiced nondiscriminators
- 4. prejudiced discriminators
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Are not prejudiced against other gruops and do not practice discrimination.
unprejudice nondiscriminators
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Free form raical prejudice, but will keep silent when bigots speak out
Unprejudiced discriminators
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Hesitate to express their prejudices when in the presence of those who are tolerant
prejudiced nondiscriminators
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Do not believe in equality, and do not hesitate to give free expression to their intolerance
Prejudiced discriminator
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Assimilation
groups with different cultures come to have a common culture
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Pluralism
Development and coexistence of separate racial and ethnic group identities within a society
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Subjugation
Subordination of one group and the assumption of authority, power, and domination by the other.
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Segregation
A form of subjugation refers to the act, process, or state of being set apart,
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Expulsion
forcing a group to leave the territory in which it resides
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Annihilation
Deliberate extermination of a raical or ethnic group
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Why was marijuana outlawed?
William Randolph Hearst proposed to the media and government that marijuana caused violence, insanity, and was worse than cocaine. Hearst was losing money when manufacturing competitiors started using hemp instead of timber to make paper.
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Who argued to keep marijuana legal?
FDA
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What were the findings of the neighborhood study?
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Controversy from "In Whose Honor"
Native Americans protested against schools using Indians or religious Native American items as mascots.
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Five categories from 2000 census.
- American Indian/Alaskan Native
- Asian
- African-American
- Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander
- White
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Functionalist Theory of Stratification
- Views it as social necessity
- Different positions in society make different levels of contribution to society
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Karl Marx and Conflict Theory
Stratification comes from a struggle for dominance between the bougeoisie (owners) and the proletariat (working class)
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