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Epistemology
Deals with questions of "what counts for knowledge" (such as the way in which objectives & interpretivists approach their research).
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Axiology
Pertains to the place of values, whether values should play a role in the search for knowledge.
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Rhetorical Tradition
Aristotle
Aristotle
A tradition that focuses on settings where a single sppeaker attempts to influence an audience of many listeners through explicitly persuasive discourse.
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Ethical Egoism
Epicuris
Epicuris
An ethical position that insists that people should live their lives to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.
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Symbolic Interactionism
George Herbert Mead
George Herbert Mead
Humans act toward people, things, and events on the basis of meanings they assign to them. W/out language there would be no thought; no snese of self, and no socializing presence of society withtin the individual.
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Dialogic Ethics
Martin Buber
Martin Buber
An ehtical position that makes relationships more important than codes of conduct and calls on peole to avoid both egotism and selfless martyrdom.
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Constructivism
Jesse Delia
Jesse Delia
Individuals who are more cognitively complex in their perceptions of others have the mental capacity to create messages that pursue multiple goals.
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Social Penetraion Theory
Altman & Taylor
Altman & Taylor
Interpersonal closeness proceeds in a gradual and orderly fashion from superficial to intimate levels of exchange as a function of anticipated outcomes.
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Critical Tradition
Frankfurt School
Frankfurt School
Communication can create unjust power imbalances and the unjust distribution of suffering.
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Phenomenological Tradition
Carl Rogers
Carl Rogers
Affirms the importance of such things as unconditional positive regard, congruence and authenticity, dialog, and affirming the validity of another person's experience in communication.
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Coordinated Management of Meaning
Pearce & Cronen
Pearce & Cronen
Persons-in-conversation co-construct their own social realities and are simultaneously shaped by the social worlds they co-create.
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Communication Privacy Management Theory
Sandra Petronio
Sandra Petronio
People have personal boundary rules to guide whether or not they will disclose private information to someone else -- and whether they will share someone's private information with a person who is outside the relationship.
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Cybernetic Tradition
Shannon & Weaver
Shannon & Weaver
A model of communication that focuses on the isolated elements of communication, such as information source, message, transmitter, signal, noise, and determination without any significant reference to feedback or the alternating roles of speaker and listener.
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Socio-psychological Tradition
Carl Hovland
Carl Hovland
A tradition that focuses on influence/persuasion and works, within a framework that begins, "Who says what to whom, how, and with what effect."
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Socio-cultural Tradition
Sapir & Whorf
Sapir & Whorf
The notion that language produces and reproduces culture, that language shapes culture and that culture shapes language.
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Social Exchange Theory
Thibaut & Kelley
Thibaut & Kelley
People try to predict the outcome of an interaction before it takes place using an economic model of anticipated and present costs of the rewards of the relationship.
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The Semiotic Tradition
I.A. Richards
I.A. Richards
A tradition that focuses on the connection between words (symbols) and things (referents), concluding that the connection between the two is only indirect through thought (reference).
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The Interactional View
Paul Watzlawick, et al.
Paul Watzlawick, et al.
Relationships within a family system are interconnected and highly resistant to change.
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Elaboration Likelihood Model
Petty & Cacioppo
Petty & Cacioppo
Processing a message on the central route is more likely produce an attitude change in a listener.
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Relational Dialects
Baxter & Montgomery
Baxter & Montgomery
Social life is a dynamic knot of contradictions.
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Social Judgement Theory
Muzafer Sherif
Muzafer Sherif
The larger the discrepancy between a speaker's position and a listener's point of view, the greater the change in attitude--as long as the message is within the hearer's latitude of acceptance.
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Ontology
Deals with the assumptions scholars may make regarding the nature of human beings (such as whether human beings are primarily shaped by outside forces or by free will).
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory
Charles Berger
Charles Berger
As verbal output, nonverbal warmth, self-disclosure, similarity, and shared communicationnetworks increase, uncertainty decreases--ad vice versa.
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Ethics of Significant Choice
Thomas Nilsen
Thomas Nilsen
An ethical position that maintains that persuasion is ethical to the extent that it maximizes people's ability to exercise free choice.
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