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What type of membrane lines the abdominopelvic cavity?
serous membranes
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What part of the membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity adheres to the wall?
parietal peritoneum
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What part of the membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity adheres to the surface of the internal organs?
visceral peritoneum
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What is the potential space between the layers of the lining of the abdominopelvic cavity?
peritoneal cavity
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What term describes abdominopelvic organs completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum?
imtraperitoneal organs
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What term describes abdominopelvic organs that typically lie against the posterior abdominal wall and thus have only their anterior aspects covered with peritoneum?
retroperitoneal organs
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What are the double-layered folds of peritoneum that support and stabilize the intraperitoneal GI tract organs?
mesenteries
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What extension of the peritoneum extends inferiorly like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach and covers most of the abdominal organs?
greater omentum
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What extension of the peritoneum extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal end of the duodenum to the liver?
lesesr omentum
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What fan-shaped fold of peritoneum suspends most of the small intestine from the internal surface of the posterior abdominal wall?
mesentery proper
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What fold of peritoneum attaches parts of the large intestine to the internal surface of the posterior abdominal wall?
mesocolon
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What type of mesentery attaches one organ to another organ or attaches an organ to the anterior lateral abdominal wall?
peritoneal ligament
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What fold of peritoneum attaches the liver to the anterior internal abdominal wall?
falciform ligament
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What layer of tissue lines the lumen of the GI tract?
mucosa
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What layer of the GI tract is highly vascular, holds mucin-secreting glands, and houses an extensive nerve plexus?
submucosa
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What layer of the GI tract typically contains two layers of muscle?
muscularis
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The outer most tunic of the GI tract may be either of what two structures?
adventitia or serosa
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The branches of what three arteries supply the abdominal GI tract?
celiac trunk, superior & inferior mesenteric arteries
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In the small intestine, each villus usually contains a single blind-ended central lymphatic capillary. What is the anatomical term for this lymphatic capillary?
lacteal
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List the three autonomic plexuses associated with the Gi tract.
celiac, superior mesenteric & inferior mesenteric plexuses
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What is the tubular organ extending from the pharynx to the stomach?
esophagus
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The esophagus passes through what opening in the diaphragm?
esophageal hiatus
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The esophagus lies immediately anterior to what structures?
vertebral bodies
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What two sphincters are associated with the esophagus?
superior & inferior esophogeal sphincter
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What is the shape of the stomach?
j-shaped
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Where is the stomach located?
left upper quadrant of the abdomen inferior to the diaphragm
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What region of the stomach is attached to the esophagus?
cardia
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What is the dome-shaped region of the stomach?
fundus
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What is the largest region of the stomach?
body
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What region of the stomach is funnel-shaped and attached to the duodenum?
pylorus
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What circular muscle of the stomach regulates the material entering the small intestine?
pyloric sphincter
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What is the inferior convex border of the stomach?
greater curvature
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What is the superior concave border of the stomach?
lesser curvature
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What aer the internal folds of the stomach?
gastric folds
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What is another term for the small intestine?
small bowel
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What is the first segment of the small intestine?
duodenum
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Bile and pancreatic juice enter the small intestine through what structure?
major duodenal papilla
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What is the second segment of the small intestine?
jejunum
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What is the third segment of the small intestine?
ileum
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What circular muscle controls the flow of material from the small intestine to the large intestine?
ileocecal valve
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What is a synonym for the large intestine?
large bowel
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What is the first region of the large intestine?
cecum
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Where is the first region of the large intestine located?
right lower abdominal quadrant
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What thin, hollow, fingerlike sac lined by lymphocyte-filled lymphatic nodules is attached to the first region of the large intestine?
vermiform appendix
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What segment of the large intestine extends from the ileocecal valve superiorly along the right lateral border of the abdominal cavity?
ascending colon
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What bend in the colon occurs near the inferior surface of the liver?
right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)
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What segment of the large intestine projects horizontally across the anterior region of the abdominal cavity?
transverse colon
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What bend in the colon occurs near the spleen?
left colic flexure (splenic flexure)
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What segment of the large intestine lies along the left side of the abdominal cavity?
descending colon
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What segment of the large intestine is S-shaped and turns inferomedially into the pelvic cavity?
sigmoid colon
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What segment of the large intestine is straight and lies on the posterior wall of the true pelvis?
rectum
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What is the terminal section of the large intestine?
anal canal
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What two circular muscles regulate the passage of feces from the anal canal?
internal & external anal sphincters
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What is the posterior opening of the alimentary canal?
anus
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What are the three, thin, distinct, longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle on the exterior of the large intestine?
teniae coli
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What are the many pouches that the large intestine is divided into?
haustra
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What are the lobules of fat hanging off the external surface of the large intestine?
epiploic appendages
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Where is the liver located?
right upper quadrant inferior to the diaphragm
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How many lobes make up the liver?
4
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What are the two major lobes of the liver?
right & left lobes
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What separates the two major lobes of the liver?
falciform ligament
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What remnant of the fetal umbilical vein is associated with the liver?
round ligament of the liver
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What are the two minor lobes of the liver?
caudate & quadrate lobes
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What lobe of the liver lies adjacent to the inferior vena cava?
caudate lobe
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What lobe of the liver is adjacent to the gallbladder?
quadrate lobe
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What is the area where blood and lymphatic vessels, bile ducts, and nerves enter the liver?
porta hepatis
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What saclike organ is attached to the inferior surface of the liver?
gallbladder
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What structure fills and drains the gallbladder?
cystic duct
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What retroperitoneal organ has both exocrine and endocrine functions and extends horizontally from the edge of the duodenum toward the left side abdominal cavity, touching the spleen?
pancreas
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What portion of the pancreas lies in the curvature of the duodenum?
head
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What is teh central, elongated portion of the pancreas extending toward the left lateral abdominal wall?
body
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What portion of the pancreas approaches the spleen?
tail
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What structure within the pancreas drains pancreatic juice and bicarbonate to the duodenum?
pancreatic duct
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What system of ducts carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum?
biliary apparatus
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What structures drain bile from the left and right lobes of the liver?
left & right hepatic duct
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Structures draining the right and left lobes of the liver merge to form what structure?
common hepatic duct
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What structure carries bile to and from the gallbladder?
cystic duct
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The union of the cystic duct and common hepatic duct forms what structure?
common bile duct
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What is the enlargement in the posterior abdominal wall where the common bile duct and pancreatic duct merge?
hepatopancreatic ampulla
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Bile and pancreatic juice enter the duodenum via what structure?
major duodenal papilla
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