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What is the branch of medicine concerned with the structure, functions, diseases, and pathology of the stomach and intestines?
gastroenterology
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What is the primary function of the digestive system?
prepares food for cellular utilization
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What are the two categories of organs that make up the digestive system?
digestive organs & acessory digestive organs
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The oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine make up what portion of the digestive system?
gastrointestinal tract
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The teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas make up what portion of the digestive system?
accessory digestive organs
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What function of the digestive system involves the introduction of solid and liquid nutrients into the oral cavity?
ingestion
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What function of the digestive system involves the breakdown of large food items into smaller structures and molecules?
digestion
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What aspect of digestion involves the break down of ingested material into smaller pieces of the same material?
mechanical digestion
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What aspect of digestion involves the break down of of molecules into their component parts?
chemical digestion
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What is the medical term for chewing?
mastication
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What is the process of muscular contraction that forms ripples along part of the GI tract and causes material to mvoe further along the tract?
peristalsis
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What is the churning and mixing of movement that occurs in the small intestine?
segmentation
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What is the process of producing and releasing fluid products, such as acid, bile, digestive enzymes, and mucin?
secretion
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What is the passive or active transport of electrolytes, digestion products, vitamins, and water across the GI tract epithelium and into GI tract blood and lymphatic vessels?
absorption
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What are all the undigestable materials as well as waste products secreted by the accessory organs into the GI tract and discharged through the anus?
feces
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What is the process of elimination by the digestive system?
defecation
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What is the anatomical term for the mouth?
oral cavity
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What type of tissue lines the oral cavity?
non-keratinized stratified epithelium
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What muscle lies within the cheek?
buccinator
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What are the anterior terminations of the cheeks?
lips
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What is the anatomical term for the gums?
gingivae
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What thin folds of mucosa on the midline attach the lips to the gums?
labial frenulum
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What forms the roof of the mouth?
palate
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What are the two portions of the palate?
hard & soft palate
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What bones form the hard palate?
palatine & maxilla
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What is the conical median projection of the soft palate?
uvula
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What is the opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx?
fauces
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What are the anterior and posterior boundaries of the opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx?
glossopalatine & pharyngopalatine arch
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What accessory organ of the digestive system lies on the floor of the oral cavity and is composed largely of skeletal muscle covered with stratified squamous epithelium?
tongue
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What thin, vertical mucous membrane attaches the floor of the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity?
lingual frenulum
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How many pairs of multicellular salivary glands are there?
3
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What salivary glands are located anterior and inferior to the ear and partially cover the masseter?
parotid salivary glands
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What structure drains the largest salivary glands?
parotid duct
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Where does the parotid gland enter the oral cavity?
the second upper molar
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What salivary glands lie inferior to the body of the mandible?
submandibular salivary glands
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What structure drains the salivary glands lying inferior to the body of the mandible?
submandibular duct
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Where do the ducts of the submandibular glands enter the oral cavity?
lateral sides of the lingual frenulum
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What salivary glands are named for their position inferior to the tongue?
sublingual salivary glands
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What part of a tooth is exposed and covered with enamel?
crown
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What part of a tooth lies within the gums?
neck
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What part of a tooth lies within the bone of the jaw?
root
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What are the sockets that hold the roots of the teeth?
alveoli
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What processes of what bones hold the teeth?
alveolar processes of the maxilla & mandible
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What forms the primary mass of a tooth?
dentin
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What material covers the crown of a tooth?
enamel
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What is the space that lies within the center of a tooth?
pulp cavity
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What fills the space within a tooth?
pulp
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What passage within a tooth opens into the connective tissue surrounding root and is continuous with the pulp cavity?
root canal
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What is the opening between the root canal of a tooh and the surrounding connective tissue?
apical foramen
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What surface of a tooth is closest to the midline?
mesial surface
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What surface of a tooth is farthest from the midline?
distal surface
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What surface of a tooth is adjacent to the internal surface of the cheek?
buccal surface
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What surface of a tooth is adjacent to the internal surface of the lip?
labial surface
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What surface of a tooth faces the tongue?
lingual surface
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What surface of a tooth is where the teeth from the opposing superior and inferior arches meet?
occlusal surface
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What set of teeth erupt between 6 months and 30 months after birth and are eventually lost?
deciduous teeth
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What set of teeth begin appearing at about six years of age and remain through the lifetime of the individual?
permanent teeth
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How many deciduous teeth are there?
20
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How many permanent teeth are there?
32
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What chisel-shaped teeth have only one root?
incisors
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What teeth have a pointed tip for puncturing and tearing?
canine teeth
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What teeth have flat crowns with prominent ridges and may have one or two roots?
premolars
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What teeth are the thickest, have large, broad, flat crowns with distinctive cusps and three or more roots?
molars
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What three pairs of skeletal muscles form the wall of the pharynx and take part in swallowing?
pharyngeal constrictors
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