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Analgesic
A drug or medicine given to reduce pain without resulting in loss of consciousness. Analgesics are sometimes referred to as painkiller medications
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narcotic effect include mainly
drowsiness and sleepiness
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
simple analgesics that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis to reduce pain and inflammation. And are particularly useful for musculoskeletal complaints.
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Antipyretic
Produced by acting on the hypothalamus
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Anticoagulant
by inhibiting platelet aggregation hence prevent blood clot
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Anti-inflammatory
inhibition of prostaglandin secretion, used for inflammatory activity
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NSAID Uses
Used to relieve inflammation and pain and to treat rheumatoid arthritis, bursitis, tendinitis, osteoarthritis, and acute gout
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NSAID Side Effect
- Hypotension
- Sodium and water retention -Monitor for edema
- Dizziness or drowsiness
- Tinnitus –ringing sensation in the ear
- Blurred vision
- Instruct client to report blurred vision, ringing or roaring in ears; may indicate toxicity
- Pruritus
- Flushing
- GI irritation- leading to bleeding
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NSAID Nursing Intervention
- Aspirin and an NSAID should not be taken together, because aspirin decreases the blood level and the effectiveness of the NSAID
- Administer at least 30 minutes prior to physical therapy or planned ambulation to minimize discomfort
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Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
producing analgesia and reducing fever but it does not have anti-inflammatory properties and has a minimal anticoagulant effect
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Acetaminophen (Tylenol) side effect
- Hepatotoxicity leading to Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, Rash and Hypoglycemia
- Renal toxicity-Oliguria
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Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Antidote for Acetaminophen
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Narcotic
are drugs that are used to relieve pain but in addition will induce sleep and drowsiness.
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Narcotic Side Effect
- Respiratory depression
- Drowsiness and sleep
- Mood changes
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Decreased peristalsis
- Nausea and vomiting
- Narcotics cross the placenta
- Morphine increases intracranial pressure
- Urinary retention
- Pupil constriction
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Alcohol potentiates
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Narcotic nursing intervention
- Monitor respiratory rate if less than 12/min, withhold medication and report to doctor
- Do not give to clients withb COPD or Pulmonary Congestion because of respiratory depression
- Pre-op narcotics should be given 1-2 hours before surgery so that the peak respiratory depressant effect will be over when anesthesia is administered
- put up side rails, lower bed height and do not allow patient to go to the bathroom unassisted.
- do not stop medication abruptly. Gradually withdrawal
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narcotic contraindication
- head injuries
- Oxycodone with aspirin (Percodan)
- Narcotic Should not be taken with alcohol
- Contraindicated in severe respiratory disorders
- Elderly or debilitated clients should receive decrease dosage.
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Naloxone (Narcan)
Nalmefene (Revex)
Naltrexone (ReVia
Narcotic Antagonists
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Pain-relieving medications
migraine attacks and are designed to stop symptoms that have already begun
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Triptans
people with severe migraine attacks
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Side effects of triptans
nausea, dizziness, muscle weakness and, rarely, stroke and heart attack
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Ergots
a common prescription for migraine before triptans were introduced; less effective, than triptans.
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metoclopramide (oral)
prochlorperazine (oral or rectal suppository).
Anti-nausea medications
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Opiates
Medications containing narcotics, particularly codeine, are sometimes used to treat migraine pain
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Preventive medications
Preventive medications can reduce the frequency, severity and length of migraines and may increase the effectiveness of symptom
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Cyproheptadine
This antihistamine specifically affects serotonin activity.
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Anti-Epileptic- (Anticonvulsant)
prevent seizure by inhibiting seizural activities in the brain.
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side effect common to Anti-convulsant
- Suppression of bone marrow
- CNS depression
- GIT Irritation
- Severe skin allergic reaction
- Insomnia
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Barbiturate
They act by causing CNS depression thereby suppressing seizure activities in the brain.
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Barbiturate Side Effect
- Nystagmus- an involuntary rhythmic movement of the eyes, usually from side to side
- Paradoxical excitement
- Tolerance and dependence
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Benzodiazepine
Used in the treatment of absence seizure and myoclonic
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Hydantoin-
Used in the prevention and treatment of seizure.
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side effect of hydanton
- Gingival hyperplasia-gum swelling-very common in hydatoin
- Turn body fluid- urine, sweat and saliva pink or red brown.
- Reddened gums that bleed easily
- Dermatitis
- Hirsutism- hairy growth especially in women
- Alopecia- bald head in men
- Slurred speech
- Confusion
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Carbamazepine-Tegretol
treat seizure
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General Nursing Intervention for Anti-convulsant
- Always check blood therapeutic level of anticonvulsant
- Observe safety precaution due to drowsiness
- Advice patient do not take alcohol
- Monitor for blood abnormalities
- Monitor for signs of medication toxicity
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Phenytoin (dilatin)-Nursing Intervention
- Phenytoin readily binds with protein, so do not give with protein food or milk, which inhibit uptake
- Inform patient thatred-brown or pink coloration of the urine and sweat may occur
- Advice patient on meticulous oral hygiene – due to gingival hypertrophy.
- Perform proper brushing of teeth with soft toothbrush and proper flossing –patient to see dentist frequently
- Increase vit D intake or exposure to sunlight
- Do not give IV because or risk of cardiac arrest
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Central Nervous System Stimulant
- medication that stimulate CNS and cause the release of adrenaline and dopamine form the crebal cortex
- Supression of appetite
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Central Nervous System Stimulant Uses-
- Treatment of narcolepsy-excessive day time sleep
- exogenous obesity
- ADD-attention deficit disorders
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Central Nervous System Stimulant comtraindicated
Do not take CNS stimulant if you have used an MAO inhibitor
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