Bio ch.15

Condition resulting from an increase in growth hormone production after adult height has been achieved

Condition resulting from a deficiency of adrenal cortex hormones; characerized by low blood glucose, weight loss, and weakness

Outer portion of the adrenal gland; secretes minerlocorticoids, such as aldesterone, and glucocorticoids, such as cortisol

An endocrine gland that lies atop a kidney; consisting of the inner adrenal medulla and the outer adrenal cortex

Inner portion of the adrenal gland; secretes the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine

Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates activity in the adrenal cortex

Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that decreases sodium and increases potassium excretion; raises blood volume and pressure

Synthetic steroid that mimics the effect of testosterone

Male sex hormone(e.g. testosterone)

Portion of the pituitary gland controlled by the hypothalamus and that produces six types of hormones, some of which control other endocrine glands.

Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that increases the permeability of the collecting ducts in a kidney

Hormone secreted by the heart that increases sodium excretion and, therefore, lowers blood volume and pressure

Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that increases the blood calcium level

Molecule that brings about a change in a cell, tissue, organ, or individual when it binds to a specific receptor

Biological rhythm with a 24-hour cycle

Condition resulting from improper development of the thyroid in an infant; characterized by stunted growth and mental retardation

Glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex that responds to stress on a long-term basis; reduces inflammation and promotes protein and fat metabolism

Condition resulting from hypersecretion of glucocorticoids; characterized by thin arms and legs and a "moon face," and accompanied by high blood glucose and sodium levels

ATP-related compound that acts as the second messenger in peptide hormone transduction; it initiates activity of the metabolic machinery

Condition characterized by a high blood glucose level and the appearance of glucose in the urine, due to a deficiency of insulin production and failure of cells to take up glucose

Ductless organ that secretes (a) hormone(s) into the bloodstream

Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in times of stress; adrenaline

Female sex hormone that helps maintain sex organs and secondary sex characteristics

Gland that secretes its product to an epithelial surface directly or through ducts

Enlargment of the thyroid gland accompanied by an abnormal protrusion of the eyes

Chemical signal, such as a peptide hormone, that binds to a plasma membrane receptor protein and alters the metabolism of a cell because a second messenger is activated

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the development of an ovarian follicle in a female or the production of sperm in a male

Hormone secreted by the pancreas that causes the liver to break down glycogen and raises the blood glucose level

Type of hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that influences carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; see cortisol

Organ that produces gametes; the ovary produces eggs, and the testis produces sperm

Chemical signal secreted by the anterior pituitary that regulates the activity of the ovaries and testes; principally, follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) and luteinizing hormone(LH)

Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of individual by promoting cell division, protein synthesis, and bone growth

Chemical signal produced by one set of cells that affects a different set of cells

One of many hormones produced by the hypothalamus that inhibits the secretion of an anterior pituitary hormone

One of many hormones produced by the hypthalamus that stimulates the secretion of an anterior pituitary hormone

Part of the brain located below the thalamus that helps regulate the internal environment of the body and produces releasing factors that control the anterior pituitary

Hormone secreted by the pancreas that lowers the blood glucose level by promoting the uptake of glucose by cells, and the conversion of glucose to glycogen by the liver and skeletal muscles

Hormone produced by adipose tissue that acts on the hypthalamus to signal satiety

Hormone that controls the production of the testosterone by interstitial cells in males and promotes the development of the corpus luteum in females

Substance that causes melanocytes to secrete melanin in lower vertabretes

Hormone, secreted by the pineal gland, that is involved in biorhythms

Type of hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates water-salt balance, leading to increases in blood volume and blood pressure

Condition resulting from a deficiency of thyroid hormone in an adult

Neurotransmitter of the postganglionic fibers in the sympthetic divison of the autonomic system; also, a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla

Female gonad that produces eggs and the female sex hormones

Hormone released by the posterior pituitary that causes contraction of the uterus and milk letdown

Internal organ that produces digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon

Masses of cells that constitute the endocrine portion of the pancreas

Masses of cells that constitute the endocrine portion of the pancreas

Hormone secreted by the four parathyroid glands that increases the blood calcium level and decreases the blood phosphate level

Type of hormone that is a protein, a peptide, or derived from an amino acid

Chemical signal released by an organism that affects the metabolism of influences the behavior of another individual of the same species

Endocrine gland located in the third ventricle of the brain; produces melatonin

Condition in which an affected individual has normal proportions but small stature; caused by inadequate growth hormone

Endocrine gland that lies just inferior to the hypothalamus; consists of the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary

Mechanism in which stimulus initiates reactions that lead to an increase in the stimulus

Portion of the pituitary gland that stores and secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, which are produced by the hypothalamus

Female sex hormone that helps maintain sex organs and secondary sex characteristics

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the production of milk from the mammary glands

Hormone that has various and powerful local effects

Enzyme released by kidneys that leads to the secretion of aldosterone and a rise in blood pressure

Chemical signal such as cyclic AMP that causes the cell to respond to the first messenger - a hormone bound to a receptor protein in the plasma membrane

Condition in which an englarged thyroid produces low levels of thyroxine

One of a group of hormones derived from cholesterol

Male gonads that produce sperm and the male sex hormones

Male sex hormone that helps maintain sexual organs and secondary sex characteristics

Severe twitching caused by involuntar contraction of the skeletal muscles due to a calcium imbalance

Group of peptides secreted by the thymus gland that increases production of certain types of white blood cells

Lymphatic organ, located along the trachea behind the sternum, involved in the maturation of T lymphocytes in the thymus gland. Secretes hormones called thymosins, which aid the maturation of T cells and perhaps stimulate immune cells in general

Endocrine gland in the neck that produces several important hormones, including thyroxine, triidothyronine, and calcitonin

Substance produced by the anterior pituitary that causes the thyroid to secrete thyroxine and triidothyronin

Hormone secreted from the thyroid gland that promotes growth and development; in general, it increases the metabolic rate in cells