-
Ecological roles of plants
- gather energy from the sun
- produce sugar
- produce pxygen
- prevent errosion
- base of the food chain
- provide habitat
- creates soil
- holds water in soil
- moderate local climate
-
Land plants: distinguishing features
- Photosynthetic
- multicellular
- Chloraphil A+B
- food stored as amylose startch
- Cell wall of cellulose
-
LAnd plants: life cycle
- Alternation of generations
- (Diploid sporophyte, Haploid gametophyte)
-
Land Plants: advantage
- More light
- Better quality of light
- More CO2
-
Land Plants: Disadvantage
- Less water
- resources are seperated
- gravity
-
Land plant adaptations
- Waxy cuticle
- stomata
- reproductive spores
- vascular system
- lignin (wood strcuture)
-
Synapmorphies of plants
- Land
- Moss (non-vascular)
- vascular
- fern (seedless)
- Seed
-
Seedless vascular plants
- vascular tissure
- disperse reproductive spores
-
seed plant
vascular tissue and seeds
-
All plants have____
alternation of genreration
-
Advantage od diploid production (sexual reproduction)
More genetic diversity
-
Non vascular plants
Gametophyte dominent
-
Evolution tree of plants
- red algae
- green algae
- moss
- fern
- seedless
- seed
-
What plants need to grow
- water
- sunlight
- nutrients
- carbon dioxide
-
processes for converting CO2 to sugar
- Photosystems 1&2
- Calvin cycle
-
different organs of plants
capture different resources
-
-
High surface area =_____
larger environment for gathering diffused resources
-
Meristems
Perpetually young cells
-
Meristems: functions
- primary growth adds length
- secondary growth adds width
-
Phenotypically plasticity
- genetically identicle
- different phenotype
-
Roots: function
- water uptake
- nutrient uptake
- anchorage
- storage
-
Stems: function
- support for light access and sexual reproduction
- Trasnsport water and nutrients
-
-
-
Hierarchy of plant body
3 tissue systems in each group
-
Cross section of stem
vascular tissue in bundles
-
Cross section of root
vascular tissue in collum/circle
-
Dermal layer: structure
- Oustised layer
- secrte waxy cuticle
- produces hairs and prickles
-
Dermal layer: fuction
Protection from water loss, pathogens, and herbavoires
-
Stoma:function
- Allows gas exchange
- limits water loss
-
Dermal layer: root hairs
absorb water and nutrients
-
-
Plants tissues: function
transport substances (xylem water, nutrients, phloem sugar)
-
Ground tissue: Stucture
Matrix
-
Ground tissue: function
- Storage
- Photosynthesis
- structural support
-
3 primary cells make up each tissue
- Parenchyma
- collenchyman
- scelerenchyma
-
Paranchyma: classification
generic plant cel
-
Parenchyma: function
- Sof/thin prmary cell wall
- storage
- photosythesis
- pigmentation
- metabolism
-
Parenchyma: special
can change cell typr (plastic like)
-
Collenchyma: classification
Flexible support
-
Collenchyma: function
- thickened 1st wall
- support growing plant
- Alive
- flexible
-
Sclerenchyma: classification
rigid support
-
Sclerenchyma: function
- lignified cell wall
- Dead at maturity
- water transport and support
-
Plant cell wall
- primary wall
- secondary wall
- plasma membrane
- ctoyplasm
-
Where do you find Sclerenchym?
- hemp
- linen
- hard plant parts
-
Specialized vascular cells (no organells)
- Ploem
- sieve tube members
- companion cells
-
Primary growth: structure
apical meristem
-
3 types of meristmeatic tissue
- Protoderm
- gound meristem
- procambium
-
protoderm
becomes dermal tissue
-
Ground meristem
becomes ground tissue
-
Procambium
becomaes vascular tissue
-
Cortex (root)
ground tissue
-
Stele (root)
vascular cylinder
-
Pith
Ground tissue (in eudicot stem)
-
Monocot
scatered vascular bundles
-
Eudicot
Vascular bundle are arranged in circle
-
leaves have 3 tissue layer
- Epidermis
- Mesophyll (ground)
- Vascular bundles
-
Secondary growth: purpose
- increase girth
- Only in woody plants
-
secondary growth: proccess
- vascular cambium moves outwards as it adds more xylem to the inside
- Fewer phloem cells added
-
Xylem cells (secondary growth)
Lignified
-
Phloem (secondary growth)
- Soft
- becomes condesned during secondary growth
-
Secondary growth: 2 lateral meristems
- Vascular cambium
- cork cambium
-
Vascular cambium
produces xylem and phloem
-
Cork Cambium
produces outer cork
-
RIngs on trees
- light rings- fast growth, large vessles
- dark rings- slow growth, small vessles
-
Tree rings record...
environmental info
-
heart wood
- clogged with resin
- no water support
-
|
|
