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NI /Olfactory
Nerve: "On"
Type: "Some"
- Primary functions:-Special sensory
- Origin:
- -Receptors of Olfactory epithelium
- Pass through:-Olfactory foramina in cribriform plate of ethmoid
- Destination:
- -Olfactory bulbs
- Details:
- -only cranial nerve attached directly to the cerebrum without routing to the nucleui in the diencephlon
- pg 491
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N II/ Optic
Nerve: "Old"
Type: "Say"
- Primary functions:
- -Special sensory
- Origin:-Retina of eye
- Pass through:-Optic canals of sphenoid
- Destination:-Diencephalon via optic chiasm
- Details:
- -Information is passed to the lateral geniclates nucleui in the thalamus via the optic tract which is then sent to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe
- -a few axons bypass the lateral geniculate nuclei and synapse in the superior colliculus of the midbrain
- pg 492
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N III/ Oculomotor
Nerve: "Olympus"
Type: "Marilyn"
- Primary functions:
- -Motor eye movements (same as NIV,NVI
- Origin:
- -Mesencephalon
- Pass through:-Superior orbital fissures of sphenoind
- Destination:
- -superior rectus
- -inferior retus
- -medial rectus
- -inferior oblique
- -levator palpebrae superioris
- Visceral motor:
- -intrinsic eye muscle
- Details:
- -changes diameter of pupils; light
- -changes shape of lens; focus
- p492
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N IV/ Trochlear
Nerve: "Towering"
Type:"Monroe"
- Primary functions:
- -Motor/eye movement (same as N III,NVI)
- Origin:-Mesencephalon
- Pass through:-Superior obital fissures of sphenoid
- Destination:
- -Superior oblique muscle
- Details:
- -The Trochlea of the eye is a ligamentous sling the each superior oblique muscle passes through
- -The Trochlea (a pulley) Nerve is the smallest cranial nerve
- -Damage causes difficulty looking down and to the side
- pg 493
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N VI/ Abducens
Nerve: "A"
Type: "My"
- Primary functions:
- -Motor eye movement (same as NIII,NIV)
- Origin:-Pons
- Pass through:-Superior orbital fissures of sphenoid
- Destination:-Lateral rectus muscle
- Details:
- -Contraction of Lateral rectus makes eye look to the side
- -Abducens causes Abduction of the eye
- pg 493
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N V/Trigeminal
Nerve: "Top"
Type: "But"
- Primary functions:
- -Mixed (sensory and motor)
- Origin:
- Ophthalmic branch(sensory):
- -Orbital structures
- -Cornea
- -Nasal Cavity
- -Skin of forehead
- -Upper eyelid
- -Eyebrow
- -Nose (part)
- Maxillary branch(sensory):
- -Lower eyelid
- -Upper lip
- -Gums
- -Teeth
- -Cheek
- -Nose
- -Palate
- -Pharynx (part)
- Mandibular branch(mixed):
- Sensory:
- -Lower gums
- -Teeth
- -Lips
- -Palate
- -Tongue(part)
- Motor:
- -Motor from motor nuclei of pons
- Pass through:
- Ophthalmic branch-through superior orbital fissure
Maxillary branch- through the foramen rotundum(sphenoid)
Mandibular branches-through the foramen ovale(sphenoid)
- Destination:
- -All to the sensory nuclei in pons/mandibular branch also innervates muscles of mastication
- Details:-Semilunar ganglion-contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons
- -Tic douloureux (doo-luh-ROO; douloureux=painful) or Trigeminal neuralgia. Painful condition affecting the area innervated by the maxillary and mandibular branches cause is unknown
- pg494
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N VII/ Facial
Nerve: "Finn"
Type: "Brother"
- Primary functions:
- -Mixed (sensory and motor) to face
- Origin:
- Sensory:
- -Taste receptors on anterior two-thirds of tongue
- Motor:-Motor nuclei of pons
- Pass through: -Internal acoustic meatus to the facial canals which end at the stylomastoid foramina pg.216,217,221
- Destination:
- Sensory:
- -Sensory nuclei of pons
- Somatic motor:
- -Muscles of facial expression pg.345
- Visceral motor:
- -Lacrimal (tear) gland and nasal mucous glands by way of the pterygopalatine ganglion
- -Submandibular and Sublingual salivary glands by way of the Submandibular ganglion
- Details:
- -Bell Palsy: a cranial nerve disorder that results from an inflammation of a facial nerve. can be due to a virus (lime disease and others) wiki-s/s include paralysis of facial muscles on affected side and loss of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
- -condition can is usually painless symptoms fade after a few weeks or months.
- pg.495
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NVIII/ Vestibulocochlear
Nerve: "And"
Type: "Says"
- Primary functions:
- -Special sensory: balance and equilibrium(vestibular branch) and hearing(cochlear)
- Origin:
- -Monitor receptors of the inner ear( vestibule and cochlea)
- Pass through:
- -Internal acoustic meatus of temporal bones pg. 217,221
- Destination:-Vestibular and Cochlear nuclei of pons and medulla oblongata
- Details:
- -Also called acoustic nerves, the auditory nerves and the stato-acoustic nervespg. 496
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NIX/Glossopharyngeal
Nerve: "German"
Type: "Brigitte"
- Primary functions:-Mixed(sensory and motor) to head and neck
- Origin:
- Sensory:
- -Posterior one-third of tongue
- -Part of the phrarynx and palate
- -Carotid arteries of the neck
- Motor:
- -Motor nuclei of medulla oblongata
- Pass through:
- -Jugular foramina between the occipital bone and the temporal bones pg 216,217
- Destination:
- Sensory:
- -Sensory nuclei of medulla oblongata
- Somatic motor:
- -pharyngeal muscles involved in swallowing
- Visceral motor:
- -parotid salivary gland by way of the otic ganglion
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NX/Vagus
Nerve:" Viewed"
Type: "Bardot"
- Primary functions:
- -Mixed (sensory and motor) widely distributed in the thorax and abdomen
- Origin:
- Sensory:
- -Pharynx (part)
- -Auricle and External acoustic meatus
- -Diaphragm
- -Visceral organs in thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
- Motor:
- -Motor nuclei in medulla oblongata
- Pass through:
- -Jugular foramina between the occipital bone and the temporal bones pg 216,217
- Destination:
- Sensory:
- -Sensory nuclei and autonomic centers of medulla oblongata
- Visceral motor:
- muscles of the...
- -Palate
- -Pharynx
- -Digestive
- -Respiratory
- -Cardiovascular
- Details:
- -"Vagus" means wanderer pg498
- -Difficulty swallowing is one of the most common signs of damage to either NIX or NX
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NXI/Accessory
Nerve: "Some"
Type: "Mmm"
- Primary functions:
- -Motor to muscles of the neck and upper back
- Origin:
- -Motor nuclei of spinal cord and medulla oblongata
- Pass through:
- -Jugular foramina between the occipital bone and the temporal bones pg. 216,217
- Destination:
- Internal branch innervates voluntary muscles of
- -Palate
- -Pharynx
- -Larynx
- External branch controls muscles of
- -Sternocleidomastoid
- -Trapezius
- Details:
- -also known as Spinal accessory nerves or the Spinoaccessory nerves. pg 499
- -tested by doctors by asking" can you shrug your shoulders?" Sessions
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NXII/ Hypoglossal
Nerve: "Hops"
Type: "Mmm"
- Primary functions:
- -Motor (tongue movements)
- Origin:
- -Motor nuclei of medulla oblongata
- Pass through:
- -Hypoglossal canals of occipital bone pg 216,217,218
- Destination:
- -Muscles of the tongue
- Details:
- -condition is checked by having you stick out your tongue
- -damage causes tongue to veer toward the affected side. pg 500
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