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"a return to the way of life before World War I"
Normalcy
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Hoover vs. Smith
Hoover won.
Election of 1928
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Suffered poliitcally from anti-catholic prejudice, his anti-prohibitionist stance and the legacy of the corruption of Tammany Hall
Alfred Smith
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was a severe worldword economic depression in the decade preceding World War II
The Great Depression
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It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century
The Great Depression
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Used as an example of how far the worlds economy can decline
The Great Depression
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Orignated in the US starting with the fall in stock prices and became worldwide news with the stock market crash after that it spread to almost every country in the world
The Great Depression
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Effected every country, rich and poor. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped while international trade plunged by 1/2 to 2/22
Unemployment in the US rose to 25% and in some countries rose as high as 33%
The Great Depression
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Farming and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by approximately 60%
Great Depression
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Were well-known outlaws, robbers and criminals who traveled the Central United States with their gang during the Great Depression.
Bonnie and Clyde
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Their exploits captured the attention of the American public during the "public enemy era" between 1931 and 1934
Bonnie and Clyde
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Preferred to rob small stores or rural gas stations, believed to have killed at least nine police officers and committed sereval civilian murders.
Bonnie and Clyde
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They were ambushed and killed in Louisana by Law officers.
Bonnie and Clyde
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An influential self-made newspaper publisher
Warren G. Harding
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His conservatism, affable manner, and "make no enemies" campaign strategy made him the compromise choice at the 1920 Republican National Convention
Warren G. Harding
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In the aftermath of WWI he promised a return of the nation to "normalcy"
Warren G. Harding
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Encouraged industrialization and a strong economy independent of foreign incluence,
Warren G. Harding
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Spurned the League of Nations and signed a separate peace treaty with Germany and Austria, formally ending WWI,s
Warren G. Harding
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signed the 1st child welfare program and dealt with the striking workers in the mining and railroad industrie
Warren G. Harding
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originally a professional mining engineer and author
Herbert Hoover
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He promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization"
Herbert Hoover
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Believed in the Efficiency Movement which held that government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste and could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them
Herbert Hoover
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The Wall Street Crash of 1929, an American stock market crash
Black Tuesday
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Was an independent agency of the US government, established and chartered by the US congress in 1932 during the administration of President Herbert Hoover
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
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It was modeled after the War Finance CO of WWI , gave 2 billion in aid to state and local governments and made loans to banks railroads mortgage associations and other business.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
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a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agriculture damage to American and Canadian praire lands from 1930 to 1936
Dust Bowl
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caused by severe drought coupled with decades of extensive farming without crop rotation fallow fields cover crops or other tecniques to prevent erosion
Dust Bowl
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teenage boys accused of rape in Alabama in 1931
The Scottsboro Nine
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The landmark set of legal cases from this incident dealth with racism and the right to a fair trial.
The Scottsboro Nine
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The case includes a frameup, all-white jury, rushed trials, an attempted lynching, angry mob, and miscarriage of justice
The Scottsboro Nine
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A central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the US during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war
Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Worked with Churchill and Stalin in leading the Allies against Germany and Japan in WWII
Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Launched major legislation and a profusion of executive orders that gave form to the New Deal
Franklin D. Roosevelt
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a complex, interlocking set of programs designed to produce relief, recovery, and reform.
The New Deal
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Gave WWI strong diplomatatic and financial support to China and Britian, while remaining nuetral, Goal was to make America "Arsenal of Democracy"
Franklin D. Roosevelt
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“Interregnum of despair”
Written by Hoover
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part of a term during a presidency of a president of the US. that measure the successes and accomplishments of a president during the time their power and influence is at its greatest.
The first hundred days
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this was the first election in 56 years in which the Democratic candidate won a majority of the popular vote
Election of 1932
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By FDR during the Great Depression, it allowed a plan that would close down insolvent banks and reorganize and reopen those banks strong enough to survive
Emergency Banking Act
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Restricted agricultural production in the New Deal era by paying farmers subsidies not to plant part of their land and to kill off excess livestock
Agricultural Adjustment Act
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Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus so as to effectively raise the value of crops thereby a portion of thier feilds lie fallow. the money for these subsides was genereated through an exclusive tax on co. which processed farm products
Agricultural Adjustment Act
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The Act created a new agency to oversee the distribution of the subsidies, it is considered the 1st modern US farm bill
Agricultural Adjustment Act
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It provides deposit insurance which guarantees the safety of deposits in member banks.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
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examines and supervises certain financial institution for safetly and soundness, performs cetain consumer-protection functions and manages banks in receivership (failed banks)
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
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was a public work relief program in the US for unemployed, unmarried men, ages 18-25 between 1933-42
Civilian Conservation Corps
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provided unskilled manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in raral lands owned by federal, state and local government
Civilian Conservation Corps
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This was designed to provide employment for young men in relief families who had difficulty finding jobs during the Great Depression while at the same time implementing a general natural resource conservation program in every state and territory
Civilian Conservation Corps
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allowed industries to get together and write "codes of fair competion" these codes were intended to reduce destructive competition and to help workers by setting min wages and max weekly hours
National Recovery Act
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was established by the New Deal during the Great Depression to create manual labor jobs for millions of unemployed. The jobs were merely temporary, for the duration of the hard winter
Civilian Works Administration
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Hopkins was in charge of the organization
Civilian Works Administration
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the largest and most ambitious New Deal agency, employing millions to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads, and operated large arts, drama, media and literacy projects.
Works Project Administration
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Fed children and redistributed food, clothing and housing.
Works Project Administration
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One of FDR closest advisers. He was one of the architects of the New Deal especially the relief programs of the WPA
Harry Hopkins
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directed and built the largest employer in the country (WPA)
Harry Hopkins
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A british author and expert on wine. (wine writer)
Hugh Johnson
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publicity campaign to boost what he called "industrial self-government"
The Blue Eagle Campaign
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to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development, in a region particularly affected by the Great Depression
The Tennessee Valley Authority
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This became a model for America's governmental efforts to modernize Third World agrarian societies.
The Tennessee Valley Authority
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limits the means with which employers may react to workers in the private sector who create labor unions, engage in collective bargaining, and take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands
The Wagner Act
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Attempt to limit what were seen as dangers in the modern American life, including old age, poverty, unemployment, and the burdens of widows and fatherless children
Social Security Act
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Democrat, he was noted for his radical populist policies created the Share Our Wealth program
Huey Long
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"Every man a king" proposing new wealth redistribution measures in the form of a net asset tax on corporations and individuals to curb the poverty and hopelessness endemic nationwide during to the GP
Huey Long
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Movement begun during the GD by Huey Long
"Share Our Wealth” plan
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An American physician who was best known for his revolving old-age pension proposal during the GD "Townsend Plan" <--- this proposal influenced the establishment Roosevelt administration's SS system
Francis Townsend
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One of the first political leaders to use radio to reach a mass audience; as more than 30 million tuned into his weekly broadcast
Charles Coughlin
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Announced a new political organization called the "Nation's Union of Social Justice"
Charles Coughlin
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To obtain favorable rulings regarding New Deal legislation that had been previously ruled unconstitutional
Court-packing scheme
-
"wagners act" limits the means with which employers may react to workers in the private sector who create labor unions, engage in collective bargaining and take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands
National Labor Relations Act
-
a conference attended by 9 nations having interests in the Pacific Ocean and East Asia.
Washington Armaments Conference
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it was the 1st international conference held in the US and the the first successful disarmament conference in histroy
Washington Armaments Conference
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Renounced aggressive war, prohibiting the use of war as "an instrument of national policy" except in matters of self-defense" It made no provisions for sanctions.
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Result of a determind American effort to avoid involvement in the European alliance system
Kellog-Briand Pact
- Kellog-BriandPactKellog-Briand
- Pact
Kellog-BriandPact
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a foreign policy adopted by a nation in which the country refuses to enter into any alliances, foreign trade or economic commitments, or international agreements in hope of focusing all of it resources into advancement within its own borders while remaining at peace with foreign countries by avoiding all entanglements of foreign agreements;
isolationism
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main principle was that of non-intervention and non-interence in the domestic affairs of Latin America
Good Neighbor Policy
Kellog-BriandPact
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Sought to create new economic opportunities in the form of reciprocal trade aggreements and reassert the influence of America in Latin America
Good Neighbor Policy
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Recieved the Nobel Prize for his role in establishing the United Nations
-
"Father of the United Nations"
Cordell Hull
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A committe of This US Senate whcih studied the causes of US involvment in WWI
Nye Committee
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Significant because it heightening public and political support for neutrality in the early stages of WWII
Nye Committee
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led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in creation of Fascism
Benito Mussolini
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a radical, authoritarian nationalist political ideology, seek to organize a nation according to corporatist perspectives values and systems
Fascism
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a pact concluded between Nazi Germany and Empire of Japan and was directed against the communist international
Comintern Pact
-
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an agreement permitting the Nazi German annexation of Czech
The Munich Agreement of 1938
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